| In the period of the first half of 20th century at China,Natural Science Society of China was a comprehensive scientists'society with long history and enormous influence.In September of the year of 1927,in the direction of developing and applying science in China,several university students studying science and engineering in Central University conducted a kind of activity of forming an association,and the outcome was that Natural Science Society of China had been organized.At the time of the 1930s of 20th century,the members of the society had become professional scientists who conducted the activity of scientific research.In the influence of the trend of thoughts about saving China through science developed by domestic scientists'sphere after the September 18~thh Incident,they were convinced of the fact that popularizing science was as same as applying science in the respect of effect,so they leaded the society to turn to a new comprehensive scientists'society in which the members mostly were professional scientists in China,and set the purpose of the activity of the society was to develop and popularize science in China.From the year of 1932 to the year of1937,Natural Science Society of China edited and published a kind of journal for popularizing science naming Science World,and the aim was to make science was comprehended by Chinese people through the route of popularizing science,which was to make the scientific knowledge to put into practice,and established the purpose of social activities which was developing and popularizing science in China.After the burst of Anti-Japanese War,the general headquarters of the society removed to the campus of Central University in the city of Chongqing from the campus of Central University in the city of Nanjing which previously was the general headquarters of the society in 1938.In the period,under the influence of social thoughts in which the main content was that the scientists in the area under KMT rule during the period of Anti-Japanese War should contribute science to the establishment of anti-Japanese war,the general headquarters of the society leaded the members in the area under KMT rule to continue to conduct the activity of popularizing science through Science World,and a kind of activity of exchanging science with foreign scientists between the year of 1942 to the year of 1945,in which the main content was that the society published comprehensive English journal naming Acta Brevia Sinensia for broadcasting scientific achievement from Chinese scientists in the area under KMT rule to British and American scientific community,for developing science in China.After the Anti-Japanese War,when the general headquarters rehabilitated in the campus of Central University in Nanjing in1946,from the year of 1947 to the year of 1949,the head quarters continued to edit and publish Science World,and Science and technology in China,which was the new form of Acta Brevia Sinensia for scientific exchange between domestic scientific community and foreign scientific community.At that time,Natural Science Society become the comprehensive scientists'society of enormous influence in the scientific community.First of all,its scale is significant,in the end of 1947,the total amount of members had run up to 2000,and the total amount of categories of discipline of these members as scientists had included natural science?medical science?industrial technology and agricultural science,which actually were the all categories of discipline in the period of The Republic of China.Secondly,Natural Science Society of China started to develop influence as same as Science Society of China's.The situation was of several aspects:First,in the year of1946,Natural Science Society of China and Science Society of China cooperated to form a new scientific society naming Society for Prompting Science in China.Second,in the year of 1947,Natural Science Society and Science Society of China cooperated and untied other scientific society for professional exchange to organize a annual meeting for domestic scientific community naming United Annual Meeting of Seven Scientific Societies.Third,in the year of 1949,Natural Science Society?Science Society of China?China Association of Scientific Workers and Association for Natural Science Researching in North-east Area cooperated to organize the Preparatory Meeting for Representative Conference of Natural scientific Workers In China.After the foundation of the People's Republic of China,the government started to conduct the activities of developing and popularizing science,so the activities of Natural Science Society of China had been tending to pause,and finally in the time of end of March in 1951,finished the mission of developing and popularizing science.The developing course and main activities of Natural Science Society indicated that in the stage of the Republic of China in the time of Chinese scientific history in 20th century,the purpose of developing and popularizing science and corresponding practice had been commonly approved by domestic scientific community,and the society could develop to a comprehensive scientists'society with the fame as same as Science Society of China.The article's author'view of point is that the social history of science has deep implication for researching,because it in fact indicates that the history of domestic scientific community in Republic of China formed the cognition of scientific professional ethics.Specifically,scientific professional ethics is based on the premise of the idea of scientific career.As the idea of scientific career takes the instrumental specialty of scientific knowledge as its connotation,it is necessary to establish the structural connection between theory and practice in the practice of scientific knowledge and scientific knowledge so as to form a career goal of transforming the rationalization model of scientific research into the rationalized goal of social development.This has become the concept of association formed by a comprehensive scientists'society of scientific disciplines of many disciplines and has made the comprehensive scientists'society of the Republic of China a marginal social group around the concept of scientific career.This enables the social activities of the comprehensive scientists'society in the Republic of Korea to be guided by the concept of scientific career and to use the instrumental expertise of scientific knowledge as the tenet of social activities.This means that the comprehensive scientists'society of the Republic of Korea became the organized social environment for the scientific community to make effective use of scientific knowledge at that time.In a deeper sense,the fundamental purpose of the concept of scientific career is to achieve the goal of social rationality,making the instrumental expertise of scientific knowledge become a public affairs with social-rational significance.In the Republican society,the comprehensive scientists'society of the Republic of China was made into a system of public sphere for running rationalized public affairs.Because social rationalization itself means in modern society to build a modern social morality.Therefore,for the Republic of China scientific community to effectively use scientific knowledge to express the scientific concept of occupational activities,as an organization of the operating environment,a comprehensive scientists'society has become a venue.It is designed to express the value orientation of the science profession in line with the moral morals of modern society.This is achieved by generating institutional norms that rationalize the use of scientific knowledge as its value orientation.It manifests itself in the establishment of a code of ethics relating to the science profession,that is taking rational as its value orientation.It regulates the practical direction of the scientific career philosophy that sustains the practice of scientific knowledge and scientific knowledge and forms the institutional norms for the effective use of scientific knowledge for the scientific and social purposes of the scientific profession,representing the formation of scientific professional ethics in the science of Republic of China.Among the comprehensive science societies in the Republic of China,the China National Science Council is one of four comprehensive and long-standing scientific societies that have a long history.It is dominated by professional scientists who are well-known for scientific research in the scientific community of the Republic of China.During1932-1949,scientific popularization continued as a major activity in the scientific community in the Republic of China for the effective use of scientific knowledge.It is a representative and comprehensive scientists'society embodying the activities of the Republic of China scientific community through scientific career philosophy.Therefore,this thesis selects the social history of China Nature Science Society during the Republic of China(1927-1949)as the research center,conducts the related scientific social history investigation and forms the research content of this thesis.This is illustrated by the topics in the chapters of this essay.The first chapter elaborates the institutionalized process of establishing the public Sphere in the period of 1927-1937 and the rise of the ethics of responsibility as a precondition for the formation of scientific professional ethics.It points out that the establishment of the society is a product of the scientific concept of Chinese occupation.It shows that in the period of the Republic of China,the concept of modernity of material civilization was formed with the instrumental expertise of scientific knowledge and at that time and the scientific concept of occupation was found in Chinese society.This is the reason why China's natural science association has the concept of association.This has led to the formation of karma-related social relations based on scientific occupations in their social activities.It is manifested in the fact that under the guidance of the scientific community of the Republic of China,which embodies the concept of scientific occupation,and under the consciousness of the social role of scientists,members carry out their social activities in a professional and procedural cooperation mode,which is a mode of operation of marginalized social relations.And according to the need of the era of saving the nation by science,they started from 1932 to explore ways of social activities directed by the popularization of science.This is to popularize science in the domestic populace through the publication of the popular science journal Science World and form a science popularization norm as a professional procedural cooperation model.Since the science popularization norms follow the path of social rationalization that gives full play to the scientific profession,the instrumental expertise of scientific knowledge becomes a kind of social public affairs with rational meaning,which in turn generates the natural sciences in China's public Sphere establishment properties.Its operation of rationalized social and public affairs is the essence of its social activities.The manifestation is that the institutionalization of the society is a structure that aims to maintain the connection theory and practice of the science profession.This further regulates the members in the social activities to explore the effective use of scientific knowledge and proceed from the scientific research of science popularization of social practice.Since scientific research is a member's own job,it reflects the rise of the scientific ethics of social rationalization in the social philosophy of members.The second chapter discusses the disciplinary practice of the application of science ethics in the period 1938—1941.The fact of social history embodied in this situation is that after the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan,members of the China Science and Technology Society at the rear of the Great Consciousness realized that since the war of resistance against Japan was founded,the scientific community in the greater rear developed its own social responsibility according to the scientific concept of occupation understanding.This is a wartime application of scientific research that should be carried out to achieve scientific knowledge.Therefore,members of the social activities should also be transferred to this direction.To this end,the head office applies science as the evaluation criteria to expand science popularization.The first is to follow the discipline of applied science that carries out scientific research for the development of productive forces,expand the scientific and technological layout in the field of applied science and provide necessary scientific and technological layout preconditions for members to effectively use scientific knowledge.Under the function of the sense of responsibility which has been formed from the scientific research and carried out before,the discipline of applied science has been transformed into the principle of popularization of science since 1939.In the course of compiling the Science World up to 1941,the production of knowledge of science was formed as the theme of science popularization,showing that the ethics of responsibility has led to the disciplinary approach in practice.The third chapter discusses the disciplinary practice of basic science discipline of responsibility ethics during 1942—1945.At the back of this period,at that time,the head office issued a comprehensive Chinese scientific publication Acta Brevia Sinensia for the Anglo-American scientific community by collecting contributions from its members.This reflects the fact that members of the party that are largely concentrated on conducting scientific research in the basic sciences.This builds the basic science and technology layout through the scientific work of members of the Natural Science Society of China.The War of Resistance Against Japan needs to shift from the intention of war of resistance to the intention of founding a nation.Members of the Natural Science Society of China have also come to realize that it is necessary to boost basic science education in the rear area through the popularization of science in order to develop basic scientific research oriented toward the founding of our nation.Under the disciplinary practice of responsibility ethics,members started from the basic scientific research to carry out science popularization,forming the basic science discipline planning for the direction of science popularization and to the disciplinary practice of responsibility science ethics.The fourth chapter regards the responsibility discipline of responsibility ethics as the theme of the formation of the scientific professional ethics.It elaborates that during 1946—1949,members realized that the era of scientific founding required the establishment of a scientific innovation oriented to the productive forces to make the development of science in China preface the world trend of scientific innovation.This is to carry out scientific innovation from basic science to applied science.To this end,in the practice of society,on the one hand,scientific research and innovation in the scientific community in China are confirmed through professional exchanges through Science and Technology in China,a comprehensive English-language scientific journal used for exchanges in science.On the other hand,through the Science World,it is necessary to popularize the world's scientific innovations to domestic society including domestic scientific innovation research.For scientific innovation research,these two kinds of social activities play a function of acquiring scientific knowledge and disseminating it.In theory,this establishes a flow of new scientific knowledge-oriented science.In order to carry out the ethics of responsibility for science popularization from the perspective of scientific research,it provides an institutional arrangement for disciplinary discipline as a path of responsible ethics practice.It is the establishment of discipline system that makes the ethics of responsibility evolve into scientific ethics.Because it establishes the normalization of discipline-oriented science disciplines that support scientific research toward the transformation of productive forces.According to the law of scientific innovation,it requires the domestic scientific community to explain the altruistic nature of disciplinary norms in the development of productive forces,making social trust and scientific innovation in line with the interests of the general public.Therefore,through the Science World,the rational purpose of scientific occupation and the social purpose of ensuring rational ends have been interpreted by the domestic scientific community,which has made the general public realize that scientific innovation accords with the rational value orientation of modern society.This theoretically reflects the domestic scientific community for the expression of scientific professional ethics. |
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