Establishment And Application Of Mathematical Models For Nitrogen,Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilization On Mung Bean And Adzuki Bean

Mung bean?Vigna radiata L.?and adzuki bean?Vigna angularis?are common miscellaneous grain crops.They are China's main export commodities.China is a major producer of mung bean and adzuki bean.Their extensive planting area and exports rank among the top in the world.The Baicheng area,located in the western part of the Northeast,is the main mung bean and adzuki bean production area in China.The area is located in the center of the main mung bean production area in the northeast and northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The region has a dry climate and is suitable for the cultivation of drought-resistant cash crops,such as mung bean and adzuki bean.In recent years,with the improvement of production levels and the popularization of mechanized production technology,the production scale of mung bean and adzuki bean has been continuously expanded.Studies on the breeding,cultivation,and mechanized production of mung bean and adzuki bean have also been frequently reported,but the research on the water and fertilizer requirements of them is still relatively rare.Due to the imbalance of fertilizer application,it has negatively affected crop growth,development and yield,but also caused the decline of soil quality,reduced economic benefits,and restricted the industrial development of mung bean and adzuki bean.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the law of water and fertilizer demand for mung bean and adzuki bean in Baicheng producing areas,especially in areas with poor irrigation conditions,and to ensure the rational and economic application of fertilizers.Based on this,this experiment was conducted in 2013-2016 in Baicheng City,Jilin Province.Field experiments were performed using a three-factor,five-level orthogonal rotation combination design,23 nitrogen?N?,phosphorus?P?,and potassium?K?combination treatments were set up,and mung bean?Bailv9?and adzuki bean?Baihong4?were studied on the growth index,yield index,yield and yield components of with different N,P,and K use intervals.Based on these data,a mathematical model for optimal N,P,and K fertilization was established,and an optimized N and P and K fertilization scheme was builded.On the basis of the optimizing fertilization scheme,an economic benefit fertilization measure was established to provide a certain reference,for the economic fertilization in mung bean and adzuki bean production.The optimization scheme is applied to different water and fertilizer conditions,and the theoretical basis for applying this scheme is obtained.Finally,production verification tests were carried out in several regions with different soil types to further validate the optimized fertilization scheme.This research model aims to provide useful solutions for the sustainable development of edible bean industries,such as mung bean and adzuki bean,which are constrained by drought and poor soil.The main test results were obtained as follows:1.Orthogonal test results showed that the growth indexes?plant height,number of branches,number of main stem nodes,days of growth period?,morphological indexes?plant dry weight,leaf and stem dry weight,root dry weight,pods dry weight,grain dry weight?,yield components and yield of Bailv9 and Baihong4,presented a high,medium,and low numerical gradient grouping trend with the different combinations of N,P,and K.Based on this field data,a fit ternary quadratic regression model was established among N,P,K and yield and yield components.2.ccording to the analysis of the above model,the effects of single factors of N,P,and K on the yield of"Bailv 9",the number of pods per plant,and seeds per pod were respectively K>N>P,N>K>P,and K>N>P,in addition,N had a positive effect on 100-seeds weight,P and K fertilizer had a negative effect on 100-seeds weight,and P>K;and through analysis of variance,showed that N,P,and K fertilizer had an extremely significant effect respectively,on yield and number of pods per plant of Bailv9,while K and P fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of seeds per pod,and N and P fertilizer had a very significant effect on 100-seeds weight.The effects of single factors of N,P,and K on the yield of"Baihong No.4",the number of pods per plant,the number of seeds per pod,and the 100-seeds weight were N>P>K,N>K>P,K>N>P,and N>K>P respectively;and the analysis of variance shows that N,P,and K had a very significant effect on the yield and number of pods per plant of"Baihong No.4",while K fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of seeds per pod,and N fertilizer had a significant effect on the 100-seeds weight.3.The interaction of N,P and K on the yield and the number of pods per plant of"Bailv 9"is a positive effect,which is shown as NP>PK,and the effect of NP interaction was extremely significant,while NK interaction had a negative effect on the yield and the number of pods per plant,and the NK interaction had a significant effect on the yield;the NP and NK interaction had positive effects on the number of seeds per pod of"Bailv 9",and NK>NP,the effect of N and K interaction was significant,and P and K interaction had negative effect on it;NP interaction had a negative effect on the 100-seeds weight of"Bailv 9",and the effects was extremely significant,NK and PK interactions act as a positive effect,and NK>PK.The interaction effect on the yield of"Baihong 4"was:NK>NP>PK,and the NP interaction had a significant effect on the yield;the NP and NK interactions on the number of pods per plant of"Baihong 4"was significantly better than the PK interaction;the interaction effects on the 100-seeds weight and the number of seeds per pod of"Baihong 4"was PK>NP>NK,NK>NP>PK,and the NP and PK interactions had significant effects on the number of seeds per pod,and the NK interaction had a significant effect on the 100-seeds weight.4.The best fertilization measures to obtain Bailv9 with a yield greater than2141.69 kg ha^-1 were 34.38-42.62 kg ha^-1 N,17.55-21.70 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅ and53.23-67.29 kg ha^-11 K₂O.Among which the the optimal fertilizer combination for highest yield(2394.60 kg ha^-1)was 41.9 kg ha^-1 N,20.7 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅,and 66.50 kg ha^-1 K₂O?N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:0.5:1.59?.In addition,the optimal N,P,and K fertilization intervals for the number of pods per plant greater than 23.41,and the 100-seeds weight greater than 6.58g intersected with the yield interval,but there was no intersection point between the number of seeds per pod and the yield fertilization interval.Considering the cost of fertilizer and mung bean seeds,economical fertilizer combinations of 39.30 kg ha^-1 N,20.26 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅,and 53.40 kg ha^-1 K₂O were determined based on the optimal fertilizer combination.Therefore,the optimal economic fertilization ratio was N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:0.55:1.36,the highest yield was2426.59 kg ha^-1,and the profit was 23,697.68 yuan.5.The optimal fertilizer combination to obtain Baihong4 high yield(?1941.53kg ha^-1)includes 57.23-68.43 kg ha^-1 N,36.04-47.32 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅ and 50.29-61.27 kg ha^-11 K₂O.The best fertilizer combination with the highest yield(2333.42 kg ha^-1)was62.98 kg ha^-1 N,47.04 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅,and 59.95 kg ha^-1 K₂O?N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:0.75:0.95?.Considering the cost of fertilizers and adzuki bean seeds,an economical fertilizer combination was determined based on the best fertilizer measures;the output of the combination was 2236.17 kg ha^-1,the profit was 15,653.16 yuan ha^-1,and the corresponding ratio was 57.60 kg ha^-1 N,47.03 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅ and 31.64 kg ha^-1 K₂O?N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:0.82:0.55?.6.The potted drought trials of Bailv9,Bailv11,Bailv935,and Bailv985,and Baihong3,Baihong4,Baihong6 and Jihong352,and field drought test of 20 mung bean and 20 adzuki bean varieties,its yield and other related traits increased significantly under the optimized N,P,and K fertilization conditions.7.Under different water stress conditions,the investigation of N,P,and K optimal fertilization showed that,the yield of mung bean Bailv9?BL9?and adzuki bean variety Baihong6?BH6?were not sensitive to water stress and had strong drought resistance;their water sensitivity index and drought resistance coefficient were BL9 as Di=0.89 and DC=0.79,and BH6 Di=0.87 and DC=0.72 respectively.The yield of mung bean Bailv11?BL11?and adzuki bean variety Baihong4?BH4?were sensitive to water stress,and their drought resistance were weak;their water sensitivity index and drought resistance coefficient were BL11 Di=1.76 DC=0.59,and BH4 Di=1.01,and DC=0.68.8.Under different water treatment conditions,Bailv9 and Bailv11 had the best yield increase effect in the F120 fertilization mode,and the average yield increases were 31.56%and 28.08%,respectively;also the best yield increase effect of Baihong4 and Baihong6 were obtained in the F120 fertilization mode,and their yield increase ranges were 44.06%and 31.23%respectively.9.In the production verification trails of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018,the optimized fertilization schemes of mung bean and adzuki bean were applied,and the results showed that the output of Bailv9 increased by 19.6%over the conventional fertilization measure,and the output of Baihong4 increased by 15.26%than the conventional fertilization methods.