| Rapid progress in biomolecular recognitionand diagnosis has increased the importance of developing high-performance detection technologies.Due to the significance of cis-diols biomolecules in the field of life science research,the current proteomics,glycomics,and metabonomics are the burgeoning area of research in these days.The early stage clinical diagnosis are extremely important for the life-saving.However,the current methods for cis-diols biomolecules recognition are still facing many challenges.These biomolecules usually consist of complicated biological matrices(human serum and urine)that have high level of interference,and present in extremely low concentrations within samples.Secondly,many cis-diol biomolecules have similarity in diols functional groups with minuscule difference in structures,especially in case of monosaccharides that is actually problematic in specific recognition and detection.We proposed two different approches of plasmon enhanced Raman scattering(PERS)and plasmon enhanced fluorescence(PEF)for boronate affinity MIPs based assays used to detect cis-diols biomolecules in different matrices.Therefore,the combined specificity of the MIPs and ultra-sensitivity of plasmon enhaced spectroscopies can offer a promising tool for real time application.Initially,to overcome the limitation of existing methods for recognition of trace glycoproteins,we proposed a new alternative strategy of immunoassay.Conventional immunoassays are associated with disadvantages,such as poor availability of high-specificity antibodies,limited stability of biological reagents,and tedious procedure,innovative substitute that can overcome these shortcomings are extremely desirable.Plasmonic immunosandwich assay(PISA)has emerged as an appealing alternative of an immunoassay for fast and sensitive determination of trace glycoproteins in biosamples.Plasmonic substrates play key roles in PISA,not only determining the specificity but also greatly influencing the detection sensitivity.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and a-fetoprotein(AFP),glycoproteins that are routinely used disease markers in clinical diagnosis,were used as representative targets.Specific and ultrasensitive determination of ALP and AFP in human serum was demonstrated.Since many disease biomarkers are glycoproteins,the developed PISA approach holds great promise in disease diagnostics.Secondly,aiming to overcome the challenges in agriculture food science,we proposed a plasmon enhanced Raman scattering(PERS)based assay for probing of monosaccharides in plant tissues.The new method consist a scaffold of boronate affinity molecularly imprinted polymers(BA-MIPs)via plasmonic affinity sandwich assay(PASA)detection approach.Glucose and fructose were chosen as model representative target monosaccharides.The microprobe provides a substantial binding property,aside offers superb tolerance for interference,and diminishes all possible matrices effects.The newly presented method is nondestructive and fast as whole procedure required only 20 minutes for extraction,labeling,and analysis.The extraction microprobe was directly immersed in plant tissues for sampling,analysis,and spatial distribution of intact sugars components.Finally,we have modulated the molecular spectroscopy based approach for fluorescence emission with metal nanostructure to enhance the local emission of the biological molecules.In this approach,we prepared a biomimetic receptor by using boronate affinity on core-shell silver-molecularly imprinted polymers(Ag@MIPs)hybrid structure for the plasmon enhanced fluorescence(PEF)assay.The results display that the plasmonic enhanced material Ag@MIPs enveloped over a thin shell of MIPs is a sensitive tool to the template molecule(riboflavin(RF),a precursor for many coenzymes))and has provided specificity against other interferants biomnlecules.The fluorescence emission of Ag@MIPs was enhanced by 12.5-folds compared to the silica core nanoparticle SiO2@MIPs and 34-folds enhancement for the native fluorescence of riboflavin.The combination of sensitivity of PEF with the specificity of MIP can provide chemosensors or biosensors for real-world applicable. |
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