Influence And Mechanism Study Of Nutrient Leach-loss And Runoff-loss On Different Disposal Products Of Waste From Livestock And Poultry

Livestock and poultry waste mainly included soild faeces and waste water,and they were usually applied in field after fertilizerd,which had become one of the main models for the utilization of integration of breeding and planting.In this thesis,the effects of different fertilizer products on soil nutrient leach-loss and runoff-loss from field were researched,and optimal fertilizer model was researched which synthesized leach-loss and runoff-loss of soil nutrient,absorption amount of plant and yield of plant.The mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus leach-loss and runoff-loss of different fertilizer products from manure was explored,which was significant on soil nutrients loss controlling,fertilizer efficiency increasing and water pollution problem reducing which caused by soil nutrient loss.Four kinds of fertilizer products from manure were studied through 1)simulated leaching and runoff experiments,2)plot leaching and runoff experiments with Chinese cabbage planting.Under the same condition of phosphorus application and irrigation quantity,the effect of treatments with four kinds manure fertilizer 1)bio-organic fertilizer?BOF?,2)common organic fertilizer?OF?,3)biogas slurry?BS?and 4)waste water from livestock farm?WLF?on the leach-loss and runoff-loss of nitrogen?N?and phosphorus?P?was explored,with chemical fertilizer?CF?and no fertilizer application?NOP?as control.And the possible factors?soil physical-chemical properties,microorganism,plant growth and absorption?which might affect the leach-loss and runoff-loss were analyzed.The following conclusions were obtained:?1?Due to the reason that soil in lower layer can absorb P leached from soil in upper layer,there was inconformity on differences of TP leaching amount of simulate and outdoor leaching experiments,and the maximum average TP leaching amount was from treatment with CF and WLF,respectively.When Olsen-P contents were measured,it was found that the treatment of BOF had the best effect on P activation in soil,and significantly improved the content of Olsen-P in soil of 0-60 cm?increased11.3%-74.7%?.?2?When treated with different kinds of manure fertilizer under the same condition of P application,the treatment with WLF had the largest N leach-loss and leaching rate due to the highest addition amount of N.Meanwhile,the addition of WLF significantly improved the content of TN in the soil of 0-60 cm.However,the leach-loss of N in treatment with BOF and BS was 48.5%-77.6%higher than that in other treatments added with P when planting Chinese cabbage with the same condition of P and N application,which may has the potential to pollute the receiving water.?3?The content of NO₃^--N,Olsen-P were both positively correlated to the yield of Chinese cabbage?correlation index=0.630,0.474?,as well as the content of organic matter?OM?and Olsen-P?correlation index=0.496?.Therefore,the increase of OM may promote the content of Olsen-P in soil,increase the yield of Chinese cabbage and reduce the leach-loss of N and P.?4?The loss of P more likely happened in runoff.In both simulated and plot runoff experiments,the WLF treatment was highly possible to pollute receiving water when treated with different kinds of manure fertilizer under same addition amount of P.The content of Olsen-P in WLF treatment was139.9%-233.5%higher than other treatments added with P,followed by BS.?5?In the simulated runoff experiment,the WLF treatment was most easily to lose N when treated with different kinds of manure fertilizer under the same condition of P application,followed by BS.The loss of N under 10°and 5°gradient in WLF treatment were 32.6%-113.4%and 14.1%-115.7%higher than that in other treatments added with P respectively.In the plot runoff experiment,the TN content in runoff effluent of OF treatment was higher when treated with different kinds of manure fertilizer under same addition amount of P and N.However,none obvious horizontal and vertical transformation of TN was found in OF treatment.Significant nitrate nitrogen transformation occurred both horizontally and vertically in WLF treatment only?in 0-15 cm soil depth?.?6?In the plot runoff experiment,the yield of Chinese cabbage and absorption amount of N and P of the treatment with BOF were all the highest among the four treatments with fertilizer products.OM content in 0-5 cm soil depth was significantly increased and relative abundance of advantage flora had been influenced obviously after BOF applied in soil.After comprehensive comparison,we considered that producing BOF from manure is the most potential disposal waste method which may improve soil properties,guarantee the quality of receiving water and ensure the plant yield.And producing OF from manure takes the second place.