Ambient Air Pollution And Blood Lipid Markers Levels:Estimating The Short And Long-term Effects

Ambient air pollution has received constant attention at home and abroad due to its widespread existence and lifelong human exposure,and great threat to human health.This study analyzed the characteristics of air pollution in Wuhan City from2013 to 2016,then qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated the short and long-term effects of air pollution on changes in blood lipid markers levels.By comparing the blood lipid effects of each air pollutant and analyzing the characteristics of the dyslipidemia,we explored the potential risk of related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by air pollution.This study aims to provide scientific basis for atmospheric pollution management and the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Part? Characteristics of ambient air pollution in Wuhan from2013 to 2016Objectives: To deepen understanding of the characteristics of ambient air pollution in Wuhan.Methods: The concentration and discrete trend of of air pollution data from 2013 to2016 in Wuhan were described.By comparing with various standards and regulations,we evaluated the air quality in Wuhan.We further analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutants and the impact of meteorological factors on them.Results: The excellent rate of air quality in Wuhan was 53.4%,and the primary air pollutant was mainly PM_2.5.The air quality in summer and autumn was better than that in winter and spring.The air quality index,PM_2.5,PM₁₀,SO₂ and NO₂ were steadily declining year by year.The O3 concentration also declined to a certain extent,but the level of CO pollution was relatively stable.The average correlation coefficient of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in the air quality monitoring points were 0.96 and 0.93,respectively,which were greater than the gas pollutants,and their coefficient of variation were also smaller.Generally speaking,the concentration of air pollutants was negatively correlated with wind speed and the relative humidity of the atmosphere.The concentration of larger particulate matters and more water-solublegas pollutants decreased more significantly with the increase of air humidity.Conclusions: Ambient air pollution in Wuhan was still serious,but it showed an improvement trend.PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Wuhan were characterized by non-point source pollution.Air quality had a downward trend under meteorological conditions with low air humidity and low wind speed.Part? Qualitative study on the short and long-term effects ofair pollution on blood lipid markers levels Objectives: To understand the short and long-term effects of air pollution on blood lipid markers levels.Methods: Patients who met predefined conditions were included in our study.The subjects were respectively enrolled in the "mild pollution group?group A?","moderate pollution group?group B?" and "severe pollution group?group C?",according to the severity of pollution in each exposure period.Covariance analysis was used to compare the difference of blood lipid levels between group A,B and C,and then to determine the short and long-term effects of air pollution on blood lipid markers levels.Results: This study included a total of 2921 subjects.With the decline of air quality,the probability of a decrease in HDL-C and Apo-A1?protective factors?levels was11.6%,and the probability of a rise in TG,TC,LDL-C,Apo-B,Lp?a?,and Hcy?risk factors?levels was 17.7%.For short-term exposure groups,the probability of a decrease in HDL-C and Apo-A1 levels was 8.3% and the probability of a rise was7.2%.For short-term exposure groups,the probability of a decrease in TG,TC,LDL-C,Apo-B,Lp?a?,and Hcy?risk factor?levels was 16.4% and the probability of a rise was 32.8%.The enhancement effect of air pollutants on risk factors from strong to weak was NO₂,CO,SO₂,PM_2.5,PM₁₀ and O3,respectively.The frequency of increased risk factor levels from high to low was Apo-B,TC,LDL-C,Hcy and Lp?a?,respectively,while TG level was not significantly increased.Conclusions: The long-term effects of air pollution on blood lipid were more obvious than the short-term effects.Severe air pollution resulted in an increase in Apo-B and a decrease in HDL-C,which in turn increased the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Part ? Qualitative study on the short and long-term effects ofPM_2.5 on blood lipid markers levels Objectives: To study the short and long-term effects of every 10?g/m3 increase in PM_2.5 on blood lipid markers levels.Methods: A semi-parametric generalized additive model?GAM?was used to construct single-pollutant and two-pollutant models to fit blood lipid markers and PM_2.5.The partial regression coefficient ? and its 95% confidence interval for PM_2.5were obtained from each model,and the corresponding change in blood lipid concentration was calculated for every 10?g/m3 increase in PM_2.5 concentration.Results: In single-pollutant models,for every 10?g/m3 increase in PM_2.5,the magnitude of the change of the blood lipid markers levels were as follows: TG?-111.9to 0?mol/L?,HDL-C?-47.2 to 35.2?mol/L?,LDL-C?-74.6 to 0?mol/L?,Apo-A1?-111.8 to 23.7 mg/L?,Apo-B?-72.8⁷5mg/L?,Lp?a??-22.3²2.1mg/L?,and Hcy?-0.93⁰.76?mol/L?.TG,TC,LDL-C,Apo-B,Lp?a?and Hcy?risk factors?rose in 7single-pollutant models,After CO,SO₂,NO₂,and O3 were being included in the two-pollutant models,the risk factor levels rose in 11,6,8 and 6 models,respectively.Conclusions: The difference of the effects of PM_2.5 on various blood lipid indexes of different population was great.With the prolongation of exposure time,the probability of the metabolic disorder of blood lipid caused by PM_2.5 increased,but no fixed trend was observed.