The Study Of Historical Changes In Term Of Water Environment In Shaoxing District From Ming And Oing Dynasty

Xiaoshao Plain covered three counties(Shanyin,Kuaiji,and Xiaoshan)belonging to Shaoxing prefecture in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The paper,focusing on Xiaoshao Plain,analyzes the process and reasons of historical changes in term of water environment,which mainly includes lakes in Shaoxing prefecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The paper involves five parts.The first part reconstructs the history of political evolutions and urban development in Shaoxing based on archaeology,legends,and historical documents.According to the geographical conditions and ecological features,it constructs a regional ecological system taking Xiaoshao Plain as the basis and Shaoxing City as the center.Based on what is introduced above,the natural resources,ecological environment and climate changes in the history of Shaoxing Prefecture are further stated.The second part analyzes agricultural development,population changes and consequent water environment transformation in Shaoxing Prefecture.Taking the wax and wane of Jianhu Lake as an example,the paper introduces the dynamic process of water environment changes respectively in what I divide as the pre-Jianhu Lake period,the vicissitude period and the post-Jianhu Lake period of Shaoxing Prefecture.After that,the paper examines several factors such as population,the state,market and climate to explore the impetus of the changes in water environment in the three periods of Shaoxing Prefecture.The third part explains the relationship among the population pressures and structure of agriculture and the environment in Shaoxing Prefecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,when population has been the determinant of water environment in Shaoxing Prefecture.Therefore,the paper surveys the population changes in Shaoxing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consequent transformation of land utilization modes as well as structural adjustment of agriculture in Shaoxing.Next,the results of deformed progress in Shaoxing agriculture are explained.And then,it evaluates the sustainability of Shaoxing ecology and the influences imposed on it by climate and market.The fourth part primarily introduces the transformation,caused by state power,of water environment in Shaoxing.Considering the impacts made by population,climate and market to the water environment in Shaoxing Prefecture,the government used to take measures for maintaining agricultural progress and social stability.The paper analyzes the changes in water environment made by local government,who used to take several measures confronting the inundation of West Xiaojiang River,the realignment of Qiantang River and water changes in Xiaoshao Plain in establishing Sanjiang Gate.The fifth part explores the influences of water environment changes on regional landscapes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Shaoxing by studying the city,settlements and hydrophyte landscape.Next,the cognitive changes of the place of water environment in the human-nature interaction is analyzed from the aspect of landscape changes.In conclusion,population and the state were the primary factors causing water environment changes in Shaoxing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and climate played an important role in human-nature interaction of Shaoxing District.The paper explores historical reasons for water environment changes in Shaoxing with the analyses of the aforementioned factors in different historical periods.From the three aspects of the environmental history—the natural environment in the past,production modes,concepts and value of human—the paper,on the basis of Xiaoshao Plain,constructs the historical process of water environment in Shaoxing Prefecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties;besides,the ideological changes in human-nature interaction are explained.