| At present,China is in the period of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization.Since the report of the 16 th National Congress,the relationship between the development of industrialization and urbanization and the ecological environment has been emphasized and reiterated.The report of the 19 th National Congress emphasized to promote the synchronous development of "new four modernizations".It also points out that the construction of the modern economic system must enhance the quality of our country's economic development.And industry is the main area of economic quality enhancement.China's industry has entered the important period of transformation from extensive development mode to intensive green development mode,and clearly proposed to accelerate the reform of ecological civilization system and build "beautiful China".At the same time,China's urbanization is in the key period of deep development,changing from the speed type to the people-oriented and ecological priority mode.Since 2013,smog weather has been frequent everywhere.Air quality index has frequently reported to the public.Air pollution warning has been launched many times.Smog pollution has caused serious harm to people's health,traffic and production.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is an important area for China to participate in i nternational competition and plays an important role in the economic and social devel opment of the North.It is an important support area for China's modernization.The c oordinated development of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei has entered the stage of full im plementation and acceleration.But from a realistic perspective,the coordinated develop ment of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is accompanied by the smog integration of Beijing-Tianj in-Hebei.The frequent occurrence of smog pollution shows the urgency of building ec ological civilization.Therefore,under the background of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and a significant increase in the urbanization level,especially in the context of major national historical strategies of the Central Government annou nced the establishment of the Xiong'an New District and aiming to unravel non-capital functions of Beijing,there is an important theoretical significance and realistic urgenc y on exploring the causes of smog pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,clarifying the relationship between smog pollution,industrial structure and urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,to further identify the governance efficiency of smog pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and the spatial distribution and spatial-temporal pat tern evolution of the industry and population of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,adjusting and o ptimizing the industrial structure and city layout of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.In logic,this article develops system analysis along such a basic path: "Basic theory and literature review?time and space analysis?the spatial effect of the smog pollution of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,structure and urbanization?comparison of Spatial Effects of Three Major Urban Agglomerations ? Measurement of Environmental Efficiency and smog Pollution Efficiency in Beijing-ianjin-Hebei-? smog,industry,population space agglomeration and Spatial-temporal patterns evolution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei" The specific contents are as follows:Chapter one,introduce.Propose the research background,research questions,research significance,and introduce research framework,research objectives,main contents,innovations and shortcomings of this paper.Chapter two,literature review and theoretical introduce.Firstly,define and introduce the relevant concepts and basic theories of the article.Then comb the theory at home and abroad about the smog pollution and industrial structure,urbanization,spatial effect and empirical research literature,and made a brief review;and finally from the theoretical level of the internal mechanism of smog pollution,industrial structure and urbanization level are described.Chapter three,the spatial and temporal distribution of fog and smog pollution,industrial structure and urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are analyzed.It describes the distribution of the smog pollution,industrial structure,urbanization level from different perspectives,and builds the gravity model to analyze the strength of the space connection status from economic ties,traffic network in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city group,and visual analysis using ARCGIS software.Chapter four,empirical analyze of the spatial effects of the smog pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the industrial structure and urbanization.First,three kinds of weight matrix are selected to test the spatial correlation of smog pollution in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei.Second,through the ARCGIS10.2 software,the concentration of PM2.5 in 2000-2012 years in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region data are extracted,and select the relevant data,build the spatial panel data model to empirical analyze the direct effect,indirect effect and total effect of smog pollution and industrial structure,urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.In order to ensure the data integrity and timeliness,this paper use the grey correlation GM(1,1)model to forecast the data of 2013,and using two kinds of statistical values of PM2.5 concentration data to build short panel data model or 2010-2015 years to verify the empirical results.Chapter five,on the basis of the PM2.5 data and relevant statistical data of 26 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Delta city group and 9 prefecture-level cities in the Pearl River Delta City during 2000-2012,empirical analyze of spatial effects of smog pollution,industrial structure and urbanization level,and compared with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city group,analysis of similarities and differences between the three big city group in the aspect of space effect.Chapter six analyzes the environmental efficiency of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province,the efficiency of smog pollution control,the spatial agglomeration of industry and population and the dynamic evolution of the spatial and temporal pattern.The first part,use the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)to measure the efficiency and efficiency of environmental pollution smog in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and a comparative analysis of the three major urban agglomerations;and then use the Standard Deviation Ellipse method(SDE)and Getis-Ord Gi*(cold and hot analysis)to measure the degree of spatial agglomeration of smog pollution and governance efficiency in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.On this basis,further analyze the spatial concentration of industry,population and the dynamic evolution of the space-time pattern in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city group,and then the three major urban agglomerations are compared.Chapter seven,research conclusions and prospects.The first part summarizes the main conclusions of this paper;and then discusses the ideas and suggestions of adjustment of industrial structure,gradient transfer,optimizing space layout in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city group;finally,the further research direction is prospected.There are three main innovations in this study:First,in theoretical research,this study has constructed a unified research framework for analyzing the spatial effects of smog pollution,industrial structure and urbanization by adding spatial elements.In the existing literature,the relationship between the smog pollution,industrial structure,and urbanization of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is rarely seen from the perspective of space.Second,this study measures the efficiency of smog pollution control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area.The existing literature mostly adopts methods such as indicator evaluation and average to measure the efficiency of environmental management,but the measurement of the efficiency of smog pollution control has not been involved.Thirdly,this study uses the standard deviation ellipse(SDE)method to plot the characteristic ellipse of smog pollution and its control efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.In the same way,the degree of spatial agglomeration of various industries and populations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is described.Based on this,this study explores the direction of the industrial spatial gradient transfer and the specific path of spatial optimization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and provides reference for the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the construction of Xiong-An New District.Through the above research,the main conclusions are obtained:1.The smog pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is closely related to the spatial and temporal distribution of industrial structure and urbanization level.From the spatio-temporal status of smog,industrial structure,and urbanization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,it is found that the main reason for smog pollution is the irrational industrial structure in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei provinces.The proportion of the second industry is too high,especially the proportion of heavy chemical industry is too high,and the quality level of urbanization is not high.Beijing and Tianjin are superior to Hebei in the air quality,industrial structure and urbanization level,but the development in the region is uneven and the difference is large.The transformation of industrial structure and the improvement of the level of urbanization in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei region have great potential.As a whole,the urban agglomeration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has increased the intensity of economic contact and traffic contact.However,it is necessary to further promote the use of radiation in Beijing and Tianjin.2.There is a significant spatial correlation of haze pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,and There is a clear spatial effect between the smog,industrial structure and the level of urbanization.Through the spatial correlation test of smog pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,it is found that the smog pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has obvious spatial agglomeration effect.Under different spatial correlation weight matrix,the smog pollution and industrial structure show inverted U-shaped curves.The industrial structure has not only increased smog pollution in the provinces and cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,but also increased smog pollution in the surrounding areas.The level of urbanization of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region can promote growth and inhibit the staining of two opposite directions the actual effect.The improvement of per capita GDP is conducive to the improvement of the smog pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.But the industrial transfer will have a contributing role to the haze pollution of adjacent areas.The increase of foreign direct investment,foreign trade dependence and the population density is not conducive to the smog pollution improvement in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.The optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure and the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization will bring negative externalities to the smog pollution in the region and the surrounding areas.Smog pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta has their spatial dependence.The spatial correlation between smog pollution in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration is weaker than the other two urban agglomerations.However,the causes of smog pollution are different among the three urban agglomerations are different.The spatial effects of industrial structure and urbanization level are also different.All factors not only affect the smog pollution in the surrounding areas of urban agglomeration,but also have feedback effects.3.The efficiency of smog control needs further improvement in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area.Smog,industry and population have spatial agglomeration and the evolution of temporal and spatial pattern is regular.The overall environmental efficiency of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is relatively low,showing a downward trend and imbalance between regions.The efficiency of smog pollution control is low in the whole country,which is generally lower than that in Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations.Smog pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics and a "northeast-southwest direction" of the spatial distribution pattern and extends in both directions.The shift in the secondary industry and smog pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area is roughly the same,while the third industry is opposite to the spread of smog pollution.The spatio-temporal evolution of sub-industries such as smog-contaminated industry is in line with the direction of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei industrial transition.And the spatial difference coefficient between various sub-sectors and smog pollution is small.The spatial concentration of population in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is decreasing and the direction and distribution of spatial pattern diffusion are basically consistent with the direction and distribution of the diffusion of smog pollution.The spatial distribution of smog,industry and population and the evolution of the spatial and temporal pattern of the three major urban agglomerations are different. |
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