Research On Green Mining Development Under The Environmental Regulation In China

Mining is an irreplaceable basic industry in the national economy,since the reform and opening up,China's economic and social development has been sustained and rapid,and the process of industrialization and urbanization has been accelerated.China's demand for mineral resources is increasing.However,extensive exploitation of resources on a large scale has caused serious damage to the ecological environment.The carrying capacity of resources and environment has reached its limit.Therefore,the realization of structural adjustment and transformation of mining industry is facing severe challenges.The nature of environmental public goods leads to market failure,and enterprises lack the intrinsic incentive to increase pollution control costs to clean production,which makes government policy become an important driving force to promote green development.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the mechanism and conduction path of environmental regulation on the development of green mining,and examine the effect of heterogeneous environmental regulation on the development of green mining,explore the mode and path to achieve green development of Chinese mining industry under different environmental regulations.Taking externality theory,environmental regulation theory and green development theory as the research framework,based on the panel data of 31 provinces and cities from 2001 to 2015,this paper constructs dynamic panel,panel threshold and dynamic spatial panel model,respectively.The effect and mechanism of environmental regulation on green mining level are studied by means of system generalized moment estimation(sysGMM).This paper empirically tests the heterogeneity effect of environmental regulation structure,the threshold effect of environmental regulation intensity and the policy effect of environmental regulation competition strategy.The aim is to provide theoretical basis for the government to formulate environmental regulation policy tools to promote the green transformation and upgrade of mining industry and to explore the new mode and new path of green mining development.The main research contents are as follows:First of all,comb the domestic and foreign research progress,define the relevant concepts and learn from the relevant theoretical views.In this paper,the author reviews the domestic and foreign related research from the measurement and development path of green mining industry and the impact of environmental regulation on industrial development,and discusses the related concepts of green mining and environmental regulation.The connotation and classification are defined and expounded,and the quantitative measurement methods of green mining level and environmental regulation intensity are summarized.Based on the theories and methods of endogenous growth theory,environmental externality theory,environmental regulation theory and green development theory under the constraint of resources and environment,this paper analyzes the internal relationship between environmental regulation and green development to provide theoretical support for empirical analysis later.Secondly,grasp the green mining development situation and existing problems macroscopically.This paper mainly analyzes the development of green mining industry in China from three aspects: the general situation of green mining development,the present situation of green mine construction and the problems existing in the development of green mining industry.Based on the review of the development of green mining policy in China,the present situation of mineral resources exploration,the present situation of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources and the present situation of restoration and management of mine geological environment,this paper makes a systematic analysis.Grasp the development of green mining in China macroscopically;Green mine construction is the foundation and main component of green mining development.This paper analyzes the regional distribution,industry composition and acceptance evaluation of four batches of 661 "National Green Mine pilot Units".Deeply understand the effect of green mining development in the process of implementation;The development of green mining industry in China faces many problems,such as imperfect policy and system,lagged construction of green technological innovation system,prominent problem of ecological environment restoration and governance,and structural contradiction of mining development,the development of green mining between regions is not balanced and so on.Thirdly,by analyzing the heterogeneity effect of environmental regulation on the development of green mining,this paper reveals the mechanism and conduction path of environmental regulation on the development of green mining.Adopt dynamic panel model and sys-GMM estimation method by constructing direct and indirect mechanism and conduction path of environmental regulation on the development of green mining and test the effect and direction of environmental regulation intensity on green mining level,analyze the adjustment effect of technological innovation and energy consumption structure,and discuss the heterogeneity effect of different intensity,different region,different period and different types of environmental regulation.The results show that there is a "U" shape nonlinear relationship between environmental regulation and green mining level,but no "inverted N" relationship.Among them,command-controlled environmental regulation needs to meet certain conditions in order to cross the inflection point and play the role of promoting the innovative compensation effect,marketmotivated environmental regulation can play a forced incentive effect when it crosses the inflection point.The market incentive environmental regulation can stimulate the innovation compensation effect and green substitution effect in southeast coastal area,which is helpful to improve the level of green mining.The command and control environmental regulation will aggravate the "investment crowding out effect" and "black expectation effect" in the inland areas of China and West,thus restraining the green mining level.In the brewing stage of green mining(2001-2008),there is no nonlinear relationship between the environmental regulation of command control and market incentive and the level of green mining.In the stage of green mining takeoff(2009-2015),there is only a nonlinear relationship between market incentive environmental regulation and green mining level.According to the situation of different provinces and the stage of mining development,it is necessary to use it alone or in combination to adapt to local conditions.Fourthly,the threshold effect of environmental regulation on the development of green mining industry is analyzed to reveal the optimal range of environmental regulation affecting the development of green mining industry.In this paper,the panel threshold model is used to test whether there is a nonlinear relationship between environmental regulation intensity and green mining level,and what is the threshold value and threshold range of environmental regulation in different types,different regions and different periods.The results show that there is a "U" relationship between technological innovation and green mining level under different environmental regulatory intensity.Among them,there is a single threshold(the threshold value is 4.663),but not over the threshold(ERI < 4.663)in the command-controlled environmental regulation,and more of the inhibition to the green mining level;There are double thresholds(the thresholds are 7.008 and 10.898)and only one threshold(7.008 < ERI < 10.898)for the market incentive type,which indicates that the market incentive environmental regulation can stimulate the promotion of technological innovation.In addition,this effect is also evident in the southeast coastal areas and the green mining take-off phase(2009-2015).Scientific and reasonable establishment of environmental regulation intensity can better encourage mining enterprises to increase investment in green technology research and development.Make use of innovation income to compensate environmental protection cost,promote green mining development.Fifthly,through the analysis of the policy effect of the environmental regulation strategy on the development of green mining industry,the paper reveals the game tradeoff between the economic development and environmental protection of the government.Build a system of environmental governance relations between the central government,local governments,enterprises and residents,under the combined action of "bottom-up effect" and "demonstration effect".Local governments are faced with the game strategy mechanism of environmental regulation under "three incentives" and "two constraints".In this paper,the dynamic spatial panel Dobbin model and various spatial weight matrices are used to investigate the direction and magnitude of environmental regulation intensity coefficient and spatial lag coefficient and test the strategic interaction and policy effect of different types of environmental regulation in different regions.The results show that there is a significant spatial correlation between the green mining level in different regions of China and the stage characteristics of "N" type fluctuation.Under the environment regulation of command and control,there exists the phenomenon of "bottom competition" of "imitation" behavior(? < 0, ?< 0)among regions in China.The competition strategy between local governments in southeast coastal areas is "no strategic competition",and the "differentiation competition" and "bottom competition" are mainly implemented in the inland areas of China and the West.Under the regulation of market incentive environment,different regions are more inclined to implement different alternative strategies.The competition strategies among local governments in southeast coastal areas are "differentiated competition"(? > 0, ?< 0)and "top-by-top competition"( ?> 0, ?> 0).The competition strategy between China and the West inland areas is "differential competition".The southeast coastal areas can not only implement the policy of differentiation substitution,but also carry out the policy of high standard and high threshold of complementation;China and the West inland areas should implement the differentiated environmental regulation policy.Sixthly,explore the construction of green mining development long-term mechanism.This paper mainly discusses from four aspects: perfecting the top level design of green policy,enhancing the ability of green technology innovation,establishing green action support system and promoting the development mode of green whole industry chain.Constructing the green policy system from the aspects of mining land and fiscal and tax policy,green finance and mining capital and intermediary service market,government supervision and so on;Using big data and Internet technology,construct green technology innovation system from green technology standard,green technology equipment,clean energy technology,intelligent mining and so on.Build a green action system from four aspects: green exploration,green development,green mining development demonstration area and mine environmental control action.From the whole process of planning,exploration,exploitation and protection of mineral resources,this paper establishes the development mode of green mining industry chain.Finally,the main conclusions and research prospects of this paper are put forward.Summarize the related concepts,theories and methods by combing the research progress at home and abroad,and analyze the situation and problems of green mining development in China.This paper empirically tests the heterogeneity effect,threshold effect and policy effect of environmental regulation on the development of green mining,and explores the long-term mechanism of green mining development.The scale of environmental regulation affects the short-term effect of green mining.In addition,the structure of environmental regulation determines the long-term mechanism of green mining,different types,different regions and different periods of environmental regulation have heterogeneity effect.The level of technological innovation and energy consumption structure have nonlinear adjustment effect on the relationship between environmental regulation intensity and green mining level;Significant spatial correlation of green mining level among regions in China,since the characteristic of "path dependence" in time,the policy of differential environmental regulation is more favorable to the coordinated development of green mining in different regions.Because this research is still in the exploratory stage,there are many deficiencies in theory,method and practice.In theory,it has not yet formed a consistent analytical framework and mathematical model.The research on the influence mechanism and conduction mechanism of environmental regulation on the development of green mining has not been extended to the micro level,especially the heterogeneity effect embedded in the theoretical model.In terms of methods,it is limited by the non-unity of the concept connotation,the lack of data availability and so on,and the index measure of green mining level and environmental regulation intensity is not perfect.In practice,due to the green mining is still in the embryonic development process,the development model and path is still in the "trial and error" stage.The policy system and technological innovation need to be improved,and the long-term mechanism of green mining development needs to be constructed,which is the future direction of research and development.