Research On The Impact Of Environmental Regulation On The Efficiency Of Labor Resource Allocation

Since the beginning of the 21 st century,China’s economy has maintained high-speed or medium-high growth,and it has been catching up among the developed countries.Despite the complex and severe domestic and international situation and multiple unexpected factors,China’s economy has withstood the pressure and maintained its upward momentum.In the process of rapid economic development,on the one hand,it faces complex and serious environmental pollution and ecological pollution problems,and the traditional extensive economic development model of "high energy consumption,high emissions and high pollution" is difficult to sustain.On the other hand,in the course of China’s development history,under the influence of factors such as the large scale of labor,restrictions on household registration,and imperfect protection of labor rights and interests,the bargaining power of labor in the market has been at a low level,resulting in a mismatch between the actual remuneration of labor and its labor output,resulting in a distortion of labor resource allocation.Therefore,this paper comprehensively studies the impact of environmental regulation on the efficiency of labor resource allocation from multiple perspectives,and provides suggestions for local governments to formulate environmental protection policies.This paper discusses the relevant theoretical basis of environmental regulation and labor resource allocation,defines the connotations of environmental regulation and labor resource allocation,and deeply explores the influence mechanism of environmental regulation on labor resource allocation based on existing research.Based on the panel data of 278 prefecture-level cities or municipalities directly under the central government in China from 2003 to 2019,the two-way fixed-effect panel model,SYS-GMM-based dynamic panel model,threshold effect model and dynamic spatial Durbin model were constructed respectively,and the influence mechanism of environmental regulation on the efficiency of labor resource allocation was verified on the basis of empirical analysis.The conclusions of this paper include: First,environmental regulation has a significant positive impact on the efficiency of labor resource allocation,and there is a significant time continuity in the efficiency of labor resource allocation.The results of regional heterogeneity analysis show that the effect of environmental regulation intensity on labor resource efficiency in the eastern and western regions is basically consistent with the results of the region-wide regression.Second,when environmental regulation policies are too strict,it will weaken the role of environmental regulation in optimizing the allocation of labor resources.When the investment in technological innovation is in a reasonable range,environmental regulation can obviously promote the optimal allocation of labor resources,and when technological innovation crosses the second threshold,the promotion role of environmental regulation is not obvious.When the level of foreign investment is in a reasonable range,environmental regulation can obviously promote the optimal allocation of labor resources,and when the level of foreign investment crosses the second threshold,environmental regulation is not conducive to the optimal allocation of labor resources.When the degree of marketization is less than the threshold value,environmental regulation has a significant role in promoting the allocation of labor resources,and with the further improvement of marketization,the promotion effect weakens.Third,environmental regulation has a spatial spillover effect on the efficiency of labor resource allocation,local environmental regulation is conducive to the optimal allocation of local labor resources,while neighboring environmental regulation inhibits the optimal allocation of local labor resources.Based on the above research results,local governments should consider in the process of formulating policies: first,make full use of and explore the role of environmental regulation policies in the optimal allocation of labor resources,and comprehensively consider local environmental pollution,ecological pollution and economic base to formulate differentiated environmental regulation policies and judge the implementation intensity of policies;Second,the government should formulate incentive policies for enterprise innovation that are compatible with environmental regulations,fully mobilize enterprises’ enthusiasm for innovation,and complete the optimal allocation of local resources under the effect of innovation compensation;Third,actively guide the direction of local government environmental regulation policies,promote the formation of benign competition and "upward competition" patterns among local governments,and make good use of environmental regulations as much as possible to promote the optimal allocation of resources.At the same time,local governments should strengthen cooperation and exchanges with neighboring cities,improve the local business environment,adjust the restrictions on the movement of labor between different regions and departments,and protect the rights and interests of labor and bargaining power,so as to form a virtuous circle between regions,promote the improvement of the efficiency of labor resource allocation,and ultimately achieve high-quality and sustainable development of the regional economy.