Research On The Green Development Of China's Mining Economy

Since reform and opening up 40 years ago,China's economy has achieved an average annual growth rate of nearly 10%,known as the "China Miracle".Among them,mineral resources,as the basis of national economic development,have made great contributions to the regional economic take-off.However,the outline of the 13 th Five-year Plan shows that problems such as the tightening of resource constraints and the deterioration of the ecological environment in China have not yet been fundamentally solved.Long-term extensive development based on resource consumption has caused us to pay a heavy environmental price while achieving rapid economic growth.The growing prominence of resources and environment has become an important factor restricting economic and social development.As the mining industry,which is most closely related to the resources and environment,it promotes economic development at the cost of huge resource consumption.The total energy consumption is increasing,the external dependence is increasing,the utilization efficiency of resources is too low and the ecological environment is deteriorating.Faced with the fact that the traditional development mode of mining industry can not meet the needs of the future economic development situation,in the context of the "new normal" economy,in order to fight the battle of pollution prevention and control and meet the requirements of the current economic development,according to the requirement of the supply-side structural reform,the transformation and upgrading of the mining industry to fundamentally achieve green development is the primary responsibility that the current mining economy will face.However,with the discussion on the green development of mining economy gradually coming into people's sight,the research on the green development of mining economy is still more focused on the case analysis of mining development at the national scale or in a certain region Lack of discussion on the space-time distribution characteristics of mining development,and with the continuous improvement of the concept of green development,the green development of mining economy has been injected with new connotations.Therefore,it is necessary to re-examine the concepts and theories related to the green development of mining economy,and to carry out relevant research on the green development of mining economy in China.Based on the new connotation of green development of mining industry in the period of the 13 th Five-year Plan,this paper takes 31 provinces and autonomous regions as the research object,and discusses the problems of green development of Mining Economy.At the same time,it can provide reference and reference for the transformation and upgrading of mining industry in different areas.Based on the theories of sustainable development,green economy,ecological economy and externality,this paper describes the situation of green development of mining economy in China from two dimensions of time and Space,by using decoupling analysis model,co-integration analysis,Grey Relational Analysis and other research methods,the present situation of the development of China's mining economy is clarified by combining qualitative analysis with Quantitative analysis.Combined with the new connotation of green mining development,a comprehensive evaluation index system of green development of mining economy is constructed,and the space-time distribution characteristics of green development level of mining economy in China are quantitatively analyzed.This paper probes into various models and relevant paths of the Green Development of mining economy in China,and then puts forward some suggestions on the green development of mining economy in various regions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)from the perspective of the green development process and regional distribution characteristics of China's mining economy,time dimension,china's mining economy has experienced five stages: the stage of adjustment preparation,the stage of rational development and economical utilization,the stage of environmental control and protection,the stage of green mining and green mines,and the stage of green mining.In the spatial dimension,the Green Development of mining economy in the four regions of east,central,west and northeast has obvious spatial distribution characteristics,and the western region has prominent advantages in resource reserves and high investment in geological exploration,but the resource utilization efficiency is not high;In the Eastern Region,the total reserves of resources are relatively small,but the utilization efficiency of resources is relatively good,the development of mining industry is stable and orderly,the proportion of large and medium-sized mining enterprises is relatively large,and the geological environment of mines is well restored;For the central region,The amount of investment in geological exploration in the central region is lower than that in the western region,but there are also problems such as the low level of comprehensive utilization and the lack of intensive scale in the development of Mining Industry.In northeast region,large-scale and intensive degree is higher,but the geological environment problem left by history is outstanding,traditional mining industry needs further transformation and upgrading.In terms of the effects on the economy,energy consumption and industrial structure,the development of the mining economy has made a greater contribution to the overall economic growth of the region,its relevance to the optimization of the industrial structure has increased year by year,and energy consumption has constantly improved.However,the overall employment impact is relatively weak,the energy consumption of individual industries is still high,further reduce energy consumption,improve the efficiency of comprehensive utilization.(2)In view of the quality of green development of China's mining economy,the development of the mining economy has shown a greater contribution to the overall regional economic growth,and its relevance to the optimization of the industrial structure has increased year by year.However,the overall employment impact is relatively weak,increasing pressure on energy consumption,the energy consumption of individual industries is still high,still need to further reduce energy consumption and improve the efficiency of comprehensive utilization.(3)Based on the new connotation of green development of mining economy,this paper studies the influencing factors of green development of mining economy from six aspects of economy,environment,policy,technology,industry and Society.A comprehensive evaluation index system for green development of mining economy is constructed.Based on the Evaluation Index System of green development of mining economy,this paper analyzes the green development level of mining economy of 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China mainland from 2005 to 2015 by principal component analysis,and finds that during the study period,the green development level of mining economy in 31 provinces and autonomous regions is different in four regions: east,central,West and northeast.As a relatively developed eastern region,the green development level of mining industry has been maintained at a relatively high level,compared with the northeast and central regions,and the relatively backward western regions.(4)Based on the Green Development Index System of mining economy,this paper makes an empirical study on the Green Development Model of mining economy in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China by using principal component analysis and cluster analysis.And according to the level of green development of mining economy in different types of regions,put forward five different types of green mining economic development mode,namely "economy,technology,society-driven","policy-guided","industry,policy-driven","technology,industry-supported" and "Environmental Protection Priority''.Among them," economic,technology,social-driven'' development model includes Seven provinces and cities: Beijing,Jiangsu,Shandong,Guangdong,Tianjin,Shanghai,and Zhejiang;"policy-oriented" includes seven provinces and cities: Hebei,Jilin,Heilongjiang,Chongqing,Gansu,Qinghai and Ningxia;"industry,policy-driven" includes two provinces: Shanxi and Inner Mongolia;"Technology and Industry Support" includes 14 provinces;"Environmental Protection Priority" includes only 1 province :Tibet.(5)In view of five different types of green development models of mining economy,and combined with the characteristics of green development of mining economy in 31 provinces and cities,the basic situation and existing problems of green development of mining economy in various regions are clarified.Therefore,the green development paths of mining economy in different types of regions are put forward.Among them,"economic,technology,society-driven" development model of the Mining Industry Development Path is:(1)Use Technology Advantage,science and technology innovation to drive the mining industry transformation,further improve the efficiency of resource utilization,promote the improvement of ecological environment;(2)To increase the proportion of large and medium-sized mining enterprises,strengthen the differential management of mineral species,scientifically adjust and reduce the number of mines,rationally develop and utilize green energy,and promote the adjustment and optimization of mining structure;(3)To promote green development of mining industry in an all-round way;(4)Take the "Belt and Road" strategy as an opportunity to strengthen cooperation and exchanges at home and abroad,led by Shanghai,to give play to the demonstration and leading role of Shanghai,Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces and cities.The development path of the "policy-oriented" development model is:(1)To further strengthen policy guidance to ensure the green development of the mining industry;(2)To improve the technical level and take the science and technology innovation as the motive force,promote the transformation of resource advantages into industrial advantages,competitive advantages and development advantages,and promote the transformation and upgrading of the mining industry;(3)Eliminate excess capacity,adjust the structure of the mining industry,and promote the development of clean energy and Strategic Emerging Industries,promote the optimization and upgrading of the mining structure;(4)Strengthen the governance and restoration of the ecological environment and promote the green development of the mining industry;(5)Adjust and improve the income distribution mechanism of the resource development,promote the sharing of the income from the resource development and serve the regional development and the improvement of people's livelihood.The development path of the "industry and policy-driven" model is:(1)Strengthening Policy Guidance,excavating new growth points of mining economy,promoting the diversification of industrial structure;(2)Relying on the "Belt and Road" strategy,making use of resources and regional advantages,to carry out "going out" in mineral processing and mining development;(3)To reduce the level of resource consumption and improve the technical level of mining industry;(4)To attach importance to the rehabilitation of ecological environment on the basis of the transformation of industrial structure and the improvement of technical level.The "Technology and Industry Support" model is divided into "golden mean group","potential group" and "inferior group",according to the situation of each province.The development path of the "golden mean group" is as follows:(1)Further promoting the innovation of science and technology and the optimization of industry,highlighting the advantages of development;(2)To maintain comprehensive and steady economic,environmental and social development and accelerate structural adjustment and transformation;(3)Deepen the reform of mineral resources management,increase financial investment and implement preferential policies.The development paths of Mining Industry for "potential group" are as follows:(1)Giving full play to the characteristics of each province to tap the development potential of mining industry;(2)Perfecting Mining Policy,guiding and supporting Green Development of Mining Industry.The development path of the "Inferior Group" mining industry is as follows:(1)Strengthening technological research,giving full play to the superiority of resources,promoting the saving and comprehensive utilization of resources;(2)To make use of our regional advantages and rely on national policies to strengthen foreign cooperation and exchanges.In contrast,the development path of " Environmental Protection Priority " model is:(1)Optimize the layout of mineral resources development and utilization,adapt to local conditions,adapt to mine conditions,so that the advantages of resources and environment lead the overall development;(2)Make up for the shortage of technology,industry and society,coordinate development and push forward as a whole.