The Impact Of Environmental Regulation On Green Total Factor Productivity Of Urban Agglomeration

In the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China,especially in the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the rapid advancement of China's industrialization and urbanization has brought about the great development and prosperity of the urban economy.However,the long-term and relatively extensive economic development model has also made the contradiction between resources,environment and social and economic development facing our country accumulate and deepen.As the public's requirements for the quality of the ecological environment are getting higher and higher,achieving green growth through the implementation of reasonable environmental regulations while achieving economic growth has become a new demand for high-quality economic development in the new era.Based on the background of “high-level protection and non-development” and comprehensively promoting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,this paper incorporates resources and environmental factors into the traditional total factor productivity analysis framework,and systematically studies it from the perspective of resource and environment constraints.The green development effect of environmental regulation of urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.It sorts out the historical context of the evolution of China's environmental regulation policy,evaluates the effectiveness of environmental regulation policies in the three major urban agglomerations of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and establishes a theoretical framework for environmental regulation and green total factor productivity.It measures and analyzes the differences in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The green total factor productivity and environmental regulation level and regional differences in urban agglomerations have empirically studied the heterogeneity and threshold effects of environmental regulation of urban clusters in the Yangtze River Economic Belt on green total factor productivity,and based on different types of environmental regulations.The tool has been further explored.Finally,based on the research conclusions,the policy recommendations for promoting the coordinated development of environmental protection and economic growth in the urban agglomeration of the Yangtze River Economic Belt are proposed.The main research conclusions and innovations are as follows:First,the development of China's environmental regulation policy has gone through four stages: “continuous exploration – starting development –accelerating improvement –comprehensively deepening reform”.Environmental regulation is an important part of government regulation.It aims to control environmental pollution,protect the environment,and change the efficiency of environmental resource utilization.The resources and energy use efficiency and environmental pollution load of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are different.Within the city,the energy efficiency of urban agglomeration resources has been improved to a certain extent.The gap between the three major urban agglomerations has been shrinking and tends to be relatively stable;the pollution load of urban agglomerations has declined to some extent,and the level of pollutant emission control has improved significantly.Second,the green total factor productivity of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a volatility.The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has the highest green total factor productivity,followed by the ChengduChongqing urban agglomeration,and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are below the overall average.From the decomposition results,green technology advancement is the main source of green total factor productivity growth of the three major urban agglomerations,while green technology efficiency is relatively weak to promote the growth of green total factor productivity of the three major urban agglomerations,improving the technological progress of urban agglomerations.It is the key to improving regional green factor productivity.The intra-group difference of green total factor productivity of urban agglomerations is always greater than the difference between groups.The intra-group difference is the main source of regional differences in green total factor productivity of urban clusters in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Third,the current environmental regulation policy as a whole is conducive to promoting the improvement of the green total factor productivity of the urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,but there are obvious regional heterogeneity,phase characteristics and tool differences.The elastic coefficient of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity is significantly positive in each quantile,and is maximized in the high quantile.The impact of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity is regional heterogeneity.The environmental regulation of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration can only exert its growth effect on green total factor productivity in the middle and low quantiles;the environmental regulation of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is high.The quantile showed a significant positive effect on green total factor productivity,while the effect on low quantile was negative,but not statistically significant;the environmental regulation of Chengdu urban agglomeration inhibited the increase of green total factor productivity,and was high The quantile is fully reflected.With the in-depth promotion of policies such as energy conservation and emission reduction and pollutant control,the positive effect of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity has increased significantly around 2010.At the level of environmental regulation tools,command-and-control regulatory tools have a “U”-shaped relationship with the green total factor productivity of urban agglomerations,and only in low-digit quantiles;market incentives,public participation-type regulatory tools,and urban cluster green elements.Productivity is “U”-type,and market-incentive regulatory tools are significant in the middle-high quantiles,while public-participatory regulatory tools are only significant in the middle quantile.In addition to the impact of environmental regulation and its regulatory tools on green total factor productivity,high-level economic productivity,higher foreign direct investment,higher industrial structure and higher environmental technology innovation investment in green total factor productivity The promotion effect is also enhanced,and the excessive degree of government intervention is not conducive to the improvement of the green total factor productivity of urban agglomerations.Fourth,there is a nonlinear relationship between environmental regulation and green total factor productivity.According to the double threshold(0.362 and 0.643),the regulation intensity is divided into three types: low regulation,medium regulation and high regulation.In the low regulation area,environmental regulation realizes the function of coordinated development of energy saving and emission reduction and economic growth,but it is not optimal..With the intensity of regulation entering the central regulatory area,environmental regulation has achieved the maximization of green economic growth.While effectively achieving energy conservation and emission reduction,the innovation compensation effect has forced green technology advancement and industrial optimization and upgrading.However,when regulatory intensity moves into high-regulation areas,the impact of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity translates into inhibition.In terms of stages,from 2005 to 2010,environmental regulation and green total factor productivity showed a “U” structure,and in 2011~2016,there was an “U” relationship between environmental regulation and green total factor productivity.In terms of regions,the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has a single threshold effect,which is divided into a low regulation interval and a high regulation interval according to the threshold value.Whether it is a low-regulation or high-regulation interval,environmental regulation has promoted green total factor productivity,but only met statistically significant in high environmental regulation intervals.Both the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration have double threshold effects,and the influence of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity has an inverted "U" structure.According to the classification control tools,the command-and-market and market-incentive-type regulatory tools have a double threshold effect.The optimal regulation interval for command-controlled environmental regulation tools is 0.655~0.830.The current command-controlled environment in most cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt urban agglomeration The intensity of regulation is still low,and it is still possible to obtain regional economic green growth by appropriately increasing the scale of investment in environmental pollution control.The optimal regulation range of market-incentive environmental regulation tools is 0.007~0.012.The collection of corporate sewage charges can promote the improvement of green total factor productivity within a reasonable range.At present,the scale of sewage charges in the urban agglomerations of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is still relatively low,still at a low level,and the collection standards can be appropriately raised.There is a single threshold effect for public participation-type regulatory tools,with a single threshold of 19.000.Environmental regulation at low regulatory intensity hinders the improvement of green total factor productivity,while environmental regulation with high regulatory intensity can force the increase of green total factor productivity.The innovations of this article are as follows:First,it has improved the indicators of the measurement and evaluation of green total factor productivity,and expanded the indicator of green total factor productivity.The green total factor productivity measurement index system of urban agglomeration including land resources and water resources was constructed,and the input-output index system was constructed.The SBM model based on relaxation measure and the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index were used to rank the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The green total factor productivity level of urban agglomerations was measured,and the Theil index was used to analyze the regional differences and sources of green total factor productivity of urban agglomerations.Second,it has improved the measurement standards and evaluation methods of predecessors on environmental regulation.This paper measures the environmental regulation of urban agglomerations from two levels.The first level is to select the industrial wastewater treatment rate(waste water),industrial sulfur dioxide removal rate(exhaust gas),industrial smoke(powder)dust from the results and effectiveness of environmental regulation.The removal rate(exhaust gas),general industrial solid waste comprehensive utilization rate(waste residue)and other four indicators,and the entropy method to construct a comprehensive index of urban group environmental regulation intensity,in order to comprehensively explain the urban group environmental regulation,avoiding only considering The limitations of a single variable make the data stationary.The second level is based on different types of environmental regulation tools,respectively selecting the proportion of environmental pollution control investment in GDP,the total amount of sewage charges collected as a percentage of local fiscal revenue,and the number of reports of mass environmental cases,respectively,representing urban agglomeration command-controlled environmental regulation,market incentives.Environmental regulation and public participation environmental regulation.In particular,the public participation environmental regulation index data in this paper adopts the 12369 public environmental report case list published by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment since June 2009,and the space attribute of the environmental complaint case is obtained by the complaint involving the location of the enterprise.The intensity of public participation in environmental regulation.Thirdly,on the basis of considering individual heterogeneity and parameter heterogeneity,panel panel quantile regression model is used to investigate the heterogeneity effect of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity in different regions,different time periods and different economic entities.By establishing a panel threshold effect model,endogenously measuring the optimal regulatory intensity interval for maximizing the green development effect of urban agglomerations;and based on three different types of environmental regulation tools: command-controlled,marketincentive,and public-participation The heterogeneity effect and threshold effect of productivity impact were compared to find out the differences in the sensitivity of urban total green factor productivity to environmental regulation under different scenarios.Fourthly,based on the conclusions of this paper,according to the different forms of policy tools,such as complementary advantages,strengths and weaknesses,and integrated use,the optimal combination of policy tools and innovative measures are proposed,and the policy recommendations for promoting the coordinated development of environmental protection and economic growth in the economic zone of the Yangtze River Economic Belt are formed.