Research On Coordinated Development Of Land Space Utilization Based On The Concept Of Ecological Civilization

Land space is the precious home for the Chinese nation to multiply and thrive.It is the material basis and resources for the country's social and economic development,and it is also the place or environment for national survival and various activities.Since the reform and opening up,China's land-based space development and utilization have made remarkable achievements with relatively scarce resource endowments.However,the long-lasting and rapid urbanization has led to rapid expansion of living space.A large number of fertile soils and ecological land around the town have been ruthlessly swallowed,and the red lines of cultivated and ecological land have been repeatedly broken.With the deepening of industrialization,the deliberate discharge of waste gas,waste water and waste slag from mining,electroplating,metallurgy and other industrial has caused tremendous damage to the ecological environment.When the exploitation of land resources conflicts the protection of ecological environment,the economic benefits tend to be above the ecological environment.Faced with the severe situation of tight constraints of natural resources,serious environmental pollution,and degraded ecosystems,the report of the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated that it is necessary to establish an ecological civilization concept that respects nature,conforms to nature and protects nature,and promotes the construction of ecological civilization to a prominent position.Subsequently,the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party put forward higher requirements for the construction of ecological civilization.The report pointed out that China must not only create more material wealth and spiritual wealth to meet the growing needs of the people,but also provide more high quality ecological product meet the growing needs of beautiful ecological environment.How to solve the serious problems such as the inefficiency,chaos,cost of resource and environmental during the development and utilization of land space has become an important proposition that needs to be solved urgently.The report of the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that the general requirement for land space utilization is to promote efficient production space,livable living space,and beautiful ecological space.It will improve the quality of land space utilization and optimize the spatial pattern of land space utilization as the primary measure of ecological civilization construction.The existing research on evaluation of land space utilization is mostly focused on a certain aspect of the land space,with insufficient consideration of the coordination development of land space utilization.Therefore,this study places production space utilization,living space utilization and ecological space utilization on an equally important level based on the concept of ecological civilization.This study does not expense of the quality of use of a certain space to exchange for the rapid improvement quality of another space,but pursuit of the coordinated development of multidimensional coordination and overall progress.Firstly,on the basis of combing the relevant research,based on the essential connotation of land space utilization,and combined with the guidance and requirements of the concept of ecological civilization for land space utilization,the paper constructs a function-oriented theoretical framework of coordinated development of land space utilization.Secondly,the author constructs a method system for coordinated development of land space utilization,which was based on the path of quantity-quality-coordination-obstacle.In this way the author conducts a comprehensive and systematic study on the type,the quality,the coordinated development,and the obstacles of land space utilization.Finally,Hubei Province,which is an important province of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,is taken as an empirical study,and suggestions for the coordinated development of land space utilization were proposed.The main conclusions of this study are as follows.(1)Theoretical framework and methodological system for the coordinated development of land use utilizationBased on the research of domestic and foreign related research,this study constructs a function-oriented theoretical framework of coordinated development of land space utilization based on the essential connotation of land use and the guidance and requirements of the concept of ecological civilization.The paper conducts the research on coordinated development of land space utilization from a macro scale.In the face of the dilemma that the Production-Living-Ecological Space is difficult to be divided on the macro scale,the study introduces the "Production-Living-Ecological" function to measure the quality of land space utilization,which ensures the accuracy and scientificity of the subsequent research on the coordinated development of land space utilization.Based on the theoretical framework,the author constructs a method system for coordinated development of land space utilization,which was based on the path of "quantity-quality-coordination-obstacle".First of all,the land-use parcel was used as a unit to comprehensively explore the law of the change in the number of land use types.Then,focus on the city scale to carry out the research on the quality evaluation of land space utilization.Next,based on the evaluation results,explore the coordinated development of land space utilization.Finally,clarify the shortcomings that constrain the coordinated development of land space utilization.The method system can carry out a relatively comprehensive and systematic study on the utilization of land space.(2)Analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of land space utilization typeThe analysis of the spatial-temporal evolution of land types can not only provide an in-depth understanding of the causes and processes of the changes in the type of land space,but also reveal the response of land space types to the degree of human activity.Based on the current status of land use data,this study uses a single function identification method to divide the production space(PS),living space(LS)and the ecological space(ES).The matrix of land space utilization transfer and the theory of regional barycenter were used to ascertain the temporal and spatial changes of the land space utilization types and the mutual conversion laws.The results of empirical research show that Hubei Province has a dominant position in ES,with the smallest LS ratio,LS and ES continued to expand during the study period,PS is continuously compressed,the conversion between PS and ES is the most significant,and the conversion from PS to LS is accelerated.The balance of the distribution of Production-Living-Ecological space in Hubei Province in the north-south direction is greater than that of the east-west direction,Among them,the barycenter of ES is located in the north-north region of the geometric barycenter.The barycenter of PS and LS is located in the eastern part of the geometric barycenter,and the distance between the geometric barycenter and LS barycenter is longer than PS.The barycenter of the Production-Living-Ecological space has different degrees of migration towards the geometric barycenter during the study period.From the perspective of the city level,the proportion of LS in all regions has increased to some extent during the study period,and the proportion of PS and ES has risen and fallen.The proportion of land space types in Wuhan City Circle is higher than that of Western Hubei eco-cultural tourism circle.The conversion of land space types in various regions shows that "the conversion between PS and ES is dominant,the ratio of LS transfer cannot be ignored,and the ratio of LS transfer is very low".(3)Temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of land space utilization qualityFirst of all,based on the essential connotation of land use,combined with the requirements of ecological civilization concept for land space utilization,this study constructs an evaluation index system for land space utilization quality based on the concept of ecological civilization with scientific,systematic,representative,targeted,independent,operability and comparability principles.Then,fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method were used to determine the composite weights of subjective weight and objective weight.Finally,the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method was used to measure the value of and space utilization quality.The results were classified according to the standard.Empirical research results show that: The production space utilization quality(),the quality of living space utilization()and the total comprehensive quality of land use()in Hubei Province continued to increase during the study period,and the increase between 2006 and 2016 is greater than the 1996-2006 periods.The quality of ecological space utilization()increased steadily between 1996 and 2011,but suddenly dropped between 2011 and 2016. showed the biggest spatial difference,while showed the smallest.The barycenter of land space utilization quality in Hubei Province is located in the eastern part of the geometric barycenter.The imbalance of spatial distribution of land space utilization quality between the east and the west is stronger than the north-south direction.The distance between geometric barycenter and theU barycenter is the largest,while is the smallest.During the period of the study,the balance of spatial distribution of and has improved,the spatial balance of and in the east-west direction has improved,while the balance between north-south has weakened.From the perspective of the city level,the highest in Hubei Province is always Wuhan,the lowest is Shennongjia(1996-2011)and Jingzhou(2016).The highest in Hubei Province is Wuhan(1996,2006-2016)and Huangshi(2001).The lowest isEnshi(1996,2011),Xianning(2001-2006)and Shennongjia Forest District(2016).The highest isShenanigan(1996,2016),Shiyan(2001,2011)and Jingmen City(2006).The lowest is Wuhan(1996-2006),Huangshi(2011)and Ezhou(2016).The highest isEzhou(1996),Shiyan 2001)and Wuhan(2006-2016),while the lowest isShenanigan(1996-2001)and Jingzhou(2006-2016).(4)Temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of coordinated development of land space utilizationThe coordinated development of land space utilization is determined by the coordinated development between,and.Only when the three factors are coordinated and developed simultaneously can we explain that the utilization of land space is coordinated and developed.Based on the connotation of coordinated development of land space utilization,this study constructs an improved coupling degree model and a coordinated development degree model to measure the coupling degree of land space utilization()and the coordinated development degree of land space utilization().The results were classified according to the standard.Empirical research result shows that: in the period of 1996-2006,the of Hubei Province dropped slightly and then increased sharply in 2006-2016.The of Hubei Province increased slightly between 1996 and 2006,and significantly increased between 2006 and 2016.The of increased slightly and then decreased sharply.The of is similar to ,but the magnitude of change is less than the same period of . The barycenter of and in Hubei Province is located in the eastern part of the geometric barycenter,the east-west imbalance is stronger than the north-south direction,it means that the representation of and tends to be balanced in spatial distribution.From the city level,the highest C of Hubei Province is always Wuhan,the lowest is Shennongjia.The highest D of Hubei Province is Wuhan,while the lowest is Shennongjia(1996-2011)and Jingzhou(2016).(5)Diagnosis of obstacle degree of land space utilization qualityThis study constructed an obstacle diagnosis model with three levels of obstacle factors,and made a comprehensive diagnosis of the obstacles,clarified the shortcomings that restrict the quality of land space utilization.Regulates and development strategy of and space utilization in different regions were made differently.The results of empirical research show that: For first-order obstacle factors,of Hubei province has the biggest barrier to and continued to increase during the study period.The obstacle level of is increased at first and then decreased continuously.The overall obstacle degree shows a downward trend.The obstacle degree of continues to decrease at first and then rises to a higher level rapidly.From the level of city,only the obstacle degree of in Wuhan and Ezhou decreased.The degree of barrier in all areas decreased to a certain degree.The obstacle degree of in all regions was up and down.In 2016,the order of secondary obstacle factors in Hubei Province from high to low was A2,A1,A3,B2,C1,B1,B3,C3 and C2.From the level of city,the degree of B2 obstacle in all areas of Hubei decreased.Only the obstacle degree of A2 in Wuhan decreased;Only the obstacle degree of A3 obstacle in Ezhou decreased;Only the obstacle degree of B1 in Wuhan increased;Only the obstacle degree of C2 in Ezhou City increased;For the obstacle degree of C1,2 regions decreased while 15 regions increased;For the obstacle degree of C3,3 regions decreased while 14 regions increased;For the obstacle degree of B3,4 regions decreased while 13 regions increased;For the obstacle degree of A1,7 regions increased while 10 regions decreased.For tertiary barrier factors,the sum degree of top 10 barriers continued to increase during the study period.Among them,the obstacle factors on behalf of U were dominant,while the total obstacle degree showed a downward trend,showing the characteristics of "the number reduced,the primary was stable ".The proportion of obstacle factors and the total obstacle degree of increased at first and then decreased,showing the characteristics of "number and degree were stable with backward displacement".The proportion of obstacle factors that represent U did not change much from 1996 to 2011,but suddenly doubled between 2011 and 2016.The total obstacle degree decreased slightly at first and then increased significantly,showing the characteristics of "number and degree increased with forward displacement".The research proposes specific improvement measures for the main obstacle factors in Hubei Province.(6)Suggestions on the optimization of coordinated development of land space utilizationHow to improve the coordinated development condition of land space utilization is the final foothold of evaluation of land and space utilization quality.Based on the results of this study,aiming at the problems and shortcomings of land space utilization in Hubei Province,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the coordinated development of land space utilization in Hubei Province from the macro level.This study puts forward countermeasures and suggestions mainly from three aspects: land space use control,"one core,two belts and three areas" regional and industrial development strategic layout,comprehensive protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes and grasses.