| With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization process,while China has made great achievements in economic and social development,the situation of tighter resource constraints,severe environmental pollution,and degradation of ecosystems has become increasingly severe.Following the ecological environment impact assessment policies of the project and regional development,the country has successively issued a series of ecological environment management policies.In recent years,the control of ecological space classification and the division of the ecological protection red line have attracted the most attention,which has greatly promoted the construction of ecological civilization in China.These measures have greatly promoted China's ecological civilization construction and related theoretical and practical research,and played a decisive role in China's ecological environmental protection and overall improvement.However,in the research and practice of the division of ecological space functions and the delineation of ecological red lines,there are generally problems that only consider the single perspective of ecology and the regional scale differences of research model methods are not obvious.To aggravate the contradiction between local economic and social development and ecological protection,and form a certain resistance to China's economic growth rate of about 7%under the new normal.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly identified the construction of ecological civilization as "the millennium plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation" and emphasized that "the concept of green mountains and green mountains must be established and implemented".The theory of "two mountains" clarifies the importance of green water and green mountains to human development,reveals the unity of ecological environmental protection and economic and social development,and a new path of ecological priority and green development need to be explored.That is,while guiding the construction of China's ecological civilization,the proposal of "two mountains" concept has gradually begun to reshape China's development philosophy and development method to a certain extent.The "two mountains" concept provides us with a new perspective that takes into consideration both ecological environmental protection and economic construction.It has important guidance for the study of theories and methods for the delineation of ecological spaces and ecological red lines,and the practice of exploring new roads for ecological priority and green development effect.The ecological protection red line is an important basis for the division of ecological function spaces,and is the bottom line and lifeline for ensuring and maintaining regional ecological security at the legal system level.It aims to strengthen the protection of key ecological spaces,prohibiting or restricting economic and social activities that adversely affect ecosystems.Among the existing research results,there are still problems such as insufficient theoretical guidance,neglecting small and medium-scale research,lack of overall planning with regional actual development.At the same time,research on national key ecological functional areas is still lacking.Changyang Tujia autonomous county belongs to the Three Gorges Reservoir water and soil conservation ecological function zone in the national key ecological function zone.It is the only national key poverty alleviation and development county in Hubei province that integrates "old,young,mountain,poor,and reservoir" and Wuling mountain area county,and it is also the third batch of national new-type urbanization comprehensive pilot areas,which is facing tremendous pressure to achieve high-quality economic development and high-level protection of the ecological environment.This study follows the main research line of "theoretical research-problem analysis-process diagnosis-status evaluation-spatial division-development countermeasures".Firstly,taking the perspective of the "two mountains" concept as the starting point,the theoretical basis were studied.Secondly,taking Changyang county of Hubei province as the case area,the regional ecological environment evolution process is diagnosed under the analysis of typical regional ecological environment problems.Thirdly,according to the constructed evaluation model,the importance of ecosystem service functions and the evaluation of ecological environment sensitivity are researched,and the preliminary division of ecological function space is carried out based on the evaluation results.Fourthly,according to regional ecological function space requirements and socioeconomic development needs the preliminary division results are optimized and adjusted,determined the ecological function space division results.Finally,countermeasures for the development of different types of ecological function spaces were proposed.This article consists of ten chapters,mainly including six parts.The main research contents and results are as follows:The first part(chapter 1 to 3)is basic theoretical research.Based on the multiple needs of realistic needs,policy background,and theoretical origins,this paper presents the research background,research significance,research goals,research content,research methods,and technical routes of this article.By sorting and reviewing research progress at home and abroad about ecological networks,nature reserves,green infrastructure,green roads,ecological function zoning,and ecological protection red lines,this article find some deficiencies in existing research.This chapter analyzes related concepts such as " two mountains ",ecological protection red line,ecological environment sensitivity,ecosystem service function,and ecological function space,and at the same time the theory of human-land relationship coordination,smart growth theory,ecosystem health theory and regional ecological security pattern theory are summarized and sorted out.It also focuses on the interpretation of the connotation of the "two mountains" ideal,the development process of the" two mountains”ideal,the economic interpretation of the“two mountains”ideal,and the practical guiding significance,which provides theoretical support for the smooth development of this research.The second part(chapter 4 to 5)is problem analysis and process diagnosis.Based on the introduction of the research area,basic data sources and pre-processing,the methods of kernel density estimation,land use dynamics model,transfer matrix model,landscape pattern index,deviation analysis,trend analysis and coefficient of variation analysis are used to analyze the typical ecological environment problems and the evolution process of the ecological environment.Analysis of typical regional ecological and environmental problems shows that land supply and demand conflicts are prominent,the internal structure of urban land is unreasonable,the degree of conservation and intensiveness is not high,and the development and utilization of mineral resources are not reasonable.The situation of soil erosion is still very severe.Although the total area of soil erosion has been greatly reduced,the area of extremely strong and severe soil erosion has shown a significant increase.Collapses,landslides,ground collapses and debris flows are the most active and frequent types of geological hazards in the study area,showing obvious spatial clustering characteristics.The proportion of living sources of pollutant discharge accounts for a high proportion,the water pollution problem is prominent,and there is a certain degree of rocky desertification.At the same time,there is a large area of cultivated land,urban villages,and industrial and mining land within the scope of the current ecological protection red line,which is not conducive to the actual maintenance of regional ecological security to a certain extent,and it is not conducive to maintaining the stability of the current ecological protection red line.In the analysis of the evolution process of regional ecological environment,the results of land use/cover change show that the change of construction land is the most severe showing a significant increase trend,the grassland is significantly reduced,the fluctuation of cultivated land and forest land is reduced,and the fluctuation of water areas is increased.The spatial and temporal changes of " production-living-ecological spaces" show that the area and proportion of ecological space is the largest,far exceeding the production space and living space,but it is squeezed to some extent.The results of dynamic changes in the landscape pattern show that the fragmentation of the overall landscape level has increased,the complexity of the landscape structure has gradually increased,and the trend of balanced distribution of landscape types has continued to increase.The results of spatial temporal changes of ecosystem quality show that the overall quality of the ecosystem in the study area is at a relatively high level,the stability is good,and it is continuously improved to a certain extent.The third part(chapter 6 to 7)is evaluation research on the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological environment sensitivity.Using the constructed ecological function importance and ecological sensitivity quantitative assessment methods,single-factor assessments were made in terms of water conservation,soil conservation,biodiversity maintenance,flood storage and soil erosion,geological disasters,and habitat sensitivity,and based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)to determine the weight of each single factor,GIS weighted overlay analysis is used to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of the importance of ecological function and ecological sensitivity,respectively.The results of the evaluation of the importance of ecological function showed that the areas of extremely important,high importance,medium importance,and general importance were 427.31km2?1029.38km2?1213.0km2 and 750.25km2,respectively,accounting for 12.49%?30.10%?35.47%and 21.94%of the total study area.The area of medium importance is the largest,and it is distributed in the form of patches in the northwest and southeast of the county,while the area of extremely importance is the smallest,concentrated in the form of blocks in the south and middle of the county.The comprehensive evaluation results of ecological sensitivity showed that the extremely sensitive,highly sensitive,moderately sensitive,and generally sensitive areas were 618.44km2?847.13km2?1262.81km2 and 691.56km2,accounting for 18.08%,24.77%,36.93%and 36.93%of the total study area,respectively.The medium sensitive area has the largest area,while the extremely sensitive area has the smallest area.The extremely sensitive areas are mainly distributed in Ziqiu town and Duzhenwan town in the south of the county,and Langping town in the northwest of the county.The highly sensitive areas are mainly in Langping town and Hejiaping town in the north of the county,and Duzhenwan town in the south of the county.Generally sensitive areas are mainly distributed in Longzhouping town,Moshi town and Dayan town in the east of the county.The fourth part(chapter 8)is research on the delineation of ecological function space in the perspective of "two mountains".Implement the concept of "two mountains" and take into account the dual needs of ecological environmental protection and economic construction in the process of dividing the ecological function space.Based on the evaluation results of ecological function importance and ecological sensitivity,a comprehensive identification model of ecological function space was constructed,and the ecological function space was divided preliminarily.The regional ecological function space requirements and social and economic development needs are coordinated.Focused on regional development requirements,including legal mining land,permanent basic farmland,urban development borders in central urban areas,control borders of township towns,and current rural settlements,the preliminary division results are coordinated and optimized to ensure that the division results are accurately implemented and practical.The final division of ecological function space shows that the urgent ecological function space?the crisis ecological function space?the transitional ecological function space and the ideal ecological function space area is 1228.31km2?893.13 km2?690.56km2 and 607.93km2,accounting for 35.92%?26.12%?20.19%and 17.78%of the total county respectively.Among them,the urgent ecological function space includes ecological function extremely important area,ecological environment extremely sensitive area and various prohibited development areas.It is the core area for maintaining regional ecological security,and human activities have a strong impact on it.Ecological protection and ecology infrastructure construction,maintaining ecological balance,ensuring that its function is not reduced,its area is not reduced,and its nature is not changed.The fifth part(chapter 9)is research on the development countermeasure of ecological function space in the perspective of "two mountains ".On the basis of clarifying the development goals and principles of the ecological function space,a statutory system,list of environmental access,and negative list of environmental access were established to cover the entire region of the ecological function space by zoning protection and development countermeasures.The the urgent ecological function space is managed in accordance with the requirements of the prohibited development zone in principle,and all kinds of development activities that do not meet the main function positioning are strictly prohibited,focusing on strengthening the ecological environment protection and ecological infrastructure construction in the region to maintain ecological balance.The crisis ecological function spaces should strictly control large-scale,high-intensity development and development activities that change the native state of regional ecosystems,implement the environmental access list,and various development activities outside the environmental access list are prohibited.The transitional ecological function space should adhere to "point development and protection on the surface",while restricting large-scale high-intensity development,allowing the construction of small towns and the development of characteristic industries,strengthening ecological governance and restoration,and implementing a negative list of environmental access.The ideal ecological function space belongs to an area suitable for production and living.The regulations and standards of environmental protection are strictly implemented in the area,and efficient and intensive development of land and resources is implemented.At the same time,based on the analysis of the relationship between regional economic development,industrial restructuring,the importance of ecological functions,and the protection of sensitive elements of ecological environment,five key areas with prominent contradictions between protection and development were identified,which were the key points of human settlement maintenance area,Qingjiang river natural ecological function key conservation area,mine ecological environment key management area,water and soil loss key management area and agricultural non-point source pollution control area.Further more,the differentiated and targeted development and protection measures were implemented from their respective functional positioning,ecological environmental protection,and development of key industries,and ultimately achieve a all-win situation for the regional " green water mountains " and " gold and silver mountains",achieving the common development of ecological environment improvement and economic development.The sixth part(chapter 10)is the research conclusion and prospect.The innovations of this research are mainly reflected in the following aspects:(1)For the first time,the "two mountains"perspective is applied to the study of ecological function space division and development strategies.Compared with the single ecological perspective generally existing in previous studies,it embodies the unity of ecological environmental protection and economic and social development,and has certain significance and value for the development and improvement of the ecological function space division theory.(2)This research explored the division method and index system of the ecological function space at the county scale,taking into account the environment and development,and it has a certain demonstration.(3)This research introduced the national environmental access list and negative environmental access list policies into the differentiated management of different types of ecological function spaces in the region innovative,and explored the new path of "ecological priority and green development" in the region effectively. |
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