| There is an ancient book in China which named ZhouYU said:The garden can withstand disasters because of woods and ponds in it.In recent years,there is more and more disasters and urban green space plays an increasing important role in emergency shelters.Before the disaster,it can effectively reduce the occurrence of disasters by a reasonable layout of the urban green space;In disaster,urban green space can provide the emergency refuge space for people;After the disaster,green emergency shelters will provide the public living space.Although the development of urban green space emergency shelters experienced a stage which is from infancy to sustainable,it has always been an important carrier of the each ages as disaster prevention.In the era of more and more concerned about the livelihood of the people and ecology,urban green space emergency shelters have become increasingly demanding.Fujian is a province which has variety of disaster and frequent disasters.In green-land construction of emergency shelters survey which about Fujian province found that:Design specifications is unable to play a guiding role in Fujian,and the building emergency shelters in here are just the surface work.To solve these problems,I am research on local needs of design theory and methods of urban green space emergency shelter.Research the features of the development of emergency shelters.Research on the ideas about emergency shelter starting from the spatial temporal characteristics of disasters in the period which from feudal society to modem times,especially in recent five years.I found that the ideology of emergency shelter divided into five stages from ancient times to the present which include witchcraft destiny thought in the period of origin,negative relief thinking in the budding period,the primary disaster prevention ideas in growth period,active disaster prevention ideas and modern sustainable disaster prevention ideas.Summed up the development of emergency evacuation shelter by reaserch on the behavioral characteristics in refuge of the people,it experienced five stages that are sleeping,shack,shacks,tents,to transitional resettlement housing.I found Japanese emergency evacuation shelter development is more relatively advanced in the Asian countries,the Philippines is relatively backward.Reaserch on Greenland emergency shelters rational distribution of Fujian province,and explore the different types of urban disaster prevention in Fujian Province.Research Fujian topography features and disaster spatial and temporal characteristics,and found Fujian Province topography geographically have three forms:the mountains inland,coastal,mountain and sea combination.The results of surveying the nine cities of Fujian province show that there are advantages and disadvantages at the same time,the advantages of Fujian are clear guidance,improve the layout and regular exercises,the disadvantages are Each array,it takes the table,the lack of planning and publicity is not in place.The overall layout of the green emergency shelters of Fujian put forward to solve the problems that found in survey.Pointed out that a reasonable emergency shelter system is combined into the network structure of intercity and city disaster prevention Green Space System.Under the system of disaster prevention Green Space System in Fujian province,after a study found the quantity and composition of the different times of disaster emergency shelter staff,to arrive at the emergency shelter staff estimates,in the way of refuge shelter-in-place and remote refuge in two forms.This laid the foundation for disaster prevention green pattern proposed in Fujian Province.Then study the city’s main disaster quantitative assessment methods,and by comparing Japan and Taiwan emergency shelters planning indicators,so as to arrive indicators of of Fujian Province reasonable planning indicators of emergency shelters.Analysis of urban spatial structure of the various cities in Fujian Province,the coastal cities and inland cities are divided into the "zhong" style,the "hui" style and "ao" style and point out emergency shelters planning points and facilities layout point for the characteristics of these three types of cities urban green space planning.Research Fujian green emergency shelter planning decision support methods.The research presented in Fujian Province,green emergency shelters should be read in conjunction with the basis of the existing green space on the transformation in order to save resources and investment.However,in the transformation process,due to the complexity of current conditions,the lack of evaluation and planning of qualitative and quantitative methods.For the purpose of scientific qualitative and quantitative planning,research on the status quo of urban green space emergency shelter capacity evaluation of quantitative and urban spatial analysis and quantitative.Using the analytic hierarchy process to build a three-level evaluation model,pointed out that the various types of emergency shelters should be used to that level evaluation model,were constructed Green Center shelter,green fixed shelter,the green emergency shelter corresponding evaluation model.20,18,11 corresponding essential factor were selected as the evaluation content.During the calculation of the scores and ratings,elected by the lack of emergency shelters,calculate its weak link,so as to provide reference for planning the transformation.Analyzed by an instance of the Spa Park Fuzhou as a building emergency shelters,a score of 87.2 that achieve a good level,but lower scores in emergency evacuation command facilities,the surrounding environment,emergency supplies reserves,monitoring systemlow,and proposed transformation opinion.Planning and decision support method in the study emergency shelters,combined with GIS spatial analysis methods,the auxiliary emergency shelters through the analysis of the safety of urban green space to solve the location problem.Estimates the maximum distance people can run in a highly stressful circumstances of Fujian Province through Xiamen City Marathon Statistics,the general analysis method to calculate the various disaster warning the width of the belt should come to the city safe space;Comparative study to minimize resistance model to maximize coverage model and maximize flow model,draw three models can be used in a fixed place of refuge center shelter and emergency shelter layout.Fujian Province with complex terrain conditions,are less likely to calculate various artificial measurement area,so the use of GIS analysis the effective refuge area of urban green space emergency shelters proposed centralized the effective evacuation area as a means of improving the effective refuge area of urban green space emergency sheltersmore reasonable indicator of the capacity calculation;Traffic Decision on contrast accessibility evaluation based on the minimum resistance,based on the average time to escape Accessibility Assessment and Accessibility Assessment based escape,come to escape the distance-based accessibility and the first two have quite different,should be the preferred solution,analyzing the reasons come to escape distance-based reachability are more concerned about the level of traffic and escape mobility;Defect radius for emergency shelter services,emergency shelters Voronoi diagram analysis area of responsibility,compared Voronoi and weighted Voronoi,polygon analyze spatial obtained the WVD relative to the general service radius,and OVD analysis method is more scientific and rational,this is because the the WVD consolidated relationship taking into account the traffic conditions of the base and the person’s physical condition.By using the inland city of Sanming City of Fujian Province as a case,the use of research methods,draw Sanming City as a mountain city,47 green spaces in the city range of security zones,five city tour refuge area of synergy rate of 1:2:2:8:5,calculated Sanming City time period to reach the number of emergency shelters,to come to the center city 5.4%of the population can not be reached within 10 min emergency shelters,reach the needs of safe refuge.Contrast WVD and OVD results of Sanming City emergency shelter area of responsibility,has once again proven the WVD OVD reasonable.In line with the planning studies should pay more attention to the principles of the mountains and backward areas,selected coastal city of Ningde City and inland mountain city of Jianyang City planning and design,a reasonable solution.Comparison of two approach to programming and planning ideas,so as to arrive planning should be read in conjunction with the actual situation in Fujian Province,can not be generalized to exclude Mountain effect in emergency shelter.Second,the planning concepts should be adapted to local conditions,should pay attention to for mountain city traffic disruptions,Which confirms the results of earlier theoretical studies. |
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