Research On The Relationship Between Water System And Spacial Form Of Ancient Jinan City

Jinan is a well-known city located in North China.It is the capital city of Shandong Province and has been designated as a National Famous Historical and Cultural City by State Council.It is famous for all the springs inside and around it and thus is called “City of Spring”.The city of “Jinan Fu”(also known by an even older name of LiCheng city),which has over 2000 years of history as verified,is one of the earliest cities found built in China.During this period,the city of Jinan has never been moved or abandoned.Instead,it had kept expanding,and with it’s rising political and economic weight,eventually became the capital of Shandong Peninsula and a major metropolitan city in northern China.This kind of development is quite unique,not only among the ancient cities located along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,but is also rare through the whole country.This phenomenon has large to do with both its special geographical position and stable environment that allowed the city to be exposed to only very few natural disasters.It is also related to the flood control and disaster prevention system that was developed during the construction process of the city.This paper focuses on the study of ancient Jinan City from the Western Han Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty,using the water changes of the ancient city as a starting point,through the study of macro-level of watershed cities fluctuation,to the medium-level of urban water environment and spatial form interaction,and the mechanism of the urban water system,trying to find the internal and external causes and laws of the Jinan development.This paper consists of six chapters.The first chapter is an introduction,which raises five questions that will be discussed in the following chapters,defines the research subject and period.It has a review of previous research in the form of local city,urban group,urban water system,archaeological and literature,and has the local research of Jinan city history.And then elaborates the academic significance and practical significance or this research,put forward the research methods and framework.The second chapter takes the sort of the evolution of Jinan city as an opportunity,to seek the geopolitical and cultural orientation of it,explorer the historical basis of Jinan become the political and cultural center in Shandong,also to confirm the formation process of Jinan “ Qi Culture ”positioning and the concept of “Jinanfu”,“capital city”.The third chapter takes the perspective of Yellow River-Jishui River-Canal’s macro watershed,study the fluctuation of watershed cities in this area,compares them to the development of Jinan,analyzes and summarizes the location of the ancient Jinan city.Point out its “On the mountain,By the water,Holding the spring ” location is the main reason of the city lasted over 2000 years.The fourth chapter takes the water system in the city and the rivers,lakes,springs,and walls around the city as the subject,discuss the logical relationship between the change of Jinan water system and the evolution of spatial form.This paper combines the ancient books and the latest archaeological discoveries,question the view of “twin city”spatial form of Northern and Southern Dynasties of Jinan,which is widely known from late Qing Density until now,put forward the theory of “Mother and Child” spatial form,and point out the possibility of Jinan extending to “Triple City” during the late Tang and Song Dani’s.In the end of this chapter,analyzed the spatial form changing from a “capital city” to a “King’s city”.The fifth chapter summed up the laws of the floods and wars in Jinan area,exploring the mechanism of Jinan urban water system.This paper combined the seven kinds of flood control strategy of Jinan city,point out that the comprehensive use of multiple strategies avoided Jinan from the tragedy of “moving the city” in history.And then detailed studied the “Storage” and “Management”strategy,put forward that Daming Lake and the moat are important factors to prevent water logging of the City.Jinan ancient city is one of the best examples of building a “sponge city” in ancient China.And then point out “to manage water by poem”,“to manage city by culture”,are the important features in urban flood control system of ancient Jinan city.This chapter also point that “the 72 Famous Spring”is an early directory management strategy in history.Those management strategies are one of the key reasons of Jinan water system maintain functional for a very long time.The last chapter is the summary of all the theories of the paper.