Operation And Management Optimization Model And Mechanism Research Of Free-Floating Bike Sharing System

Free-Floating Bike Sharing(FFBS)system,one of the 4th generation demand-response multimodal bike-sharing systems,is still under exploration and development in China.In the early trial operation of the system,some operators are forced out of the market while the remaining ones are encountering both the requirements for a continuous operational improvement of basic services and the dilemma of business malpractice and unsatisfactory application environment,which not only poses a negative impact on the enthusiasm of city administrators and operators about FFBS system,but also worsens the service quality of FFBS system operation,leading to an even greater negative effect on the society.In such a context,faced with operation problems,how to formulate an optimal and efficient operation system and management plan to ensure a positive and sustainable development of FFBS system is one of the most concerned research issues to be solved.The paper targets at the operation and management optimization and mechanism in FFBS system.Based on the system optimization theory,the graph theory and the game theory,together with multiple disciplines such as Operational Research,Economics and Management,the research mainly conducts a deep research in the scale allocation,dynamic rebalancing,damaged bicycle recycling and specified operation and mechanism,through systematic analysis and simulation as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis.The main researches and achievements are as follows:(1)The optimization research on the multiperiodic dynamic allocation model of regional depots in FFBS system:on account of a weak dependence on depots and dynamic complexity in the demand of FFBS system,the optimization model and solutions of multiperiodic dynamic allocation is established based on the conditions of meeting-demand services,depot capacity and average utilization rate of bicycles.The extended model in more complex situations is also proposed.The effectivity of the model is verified by several case studies,examples and calculations,providing the theoretical model and method for an optimal decision-making in the multiperiodic dynamic allocation of regional depots in FFBS system.(2)The optimization and algorithm research on the multiperiodic dynamic rebalancing service model in FFBS system:due to the demand in dynamic rebalance of FFBS system and the insufficiency of current theoretical researches,users' rental and return behaviors are included in the rebalancing of FFBS system.Multiperiodic rebalancing service models of maximum dispatch,maximum route match with limit budgets and minimum costs of multiple depots and bicycle types are established with corresponding algorithms designed to verify the models,providing the theoretical model and method for an optimal decision-making in multiperiodic dynamic rebalancing service in FFBS system.(3)The optimization research on the location selection of logistics network for damaged bicycle recycling in FFBS system:the model of location selection of reverse logistics network allowing cross-level recirculation with binary route choices is established based on the logistics characteristics of damaged bicycle recycling.Furthermore,the optimization model of static overall rebalancing service for the dispatch of damaged and available bicycles is also built under the constraints of routes and workload.Relative algorithms are designed and verified,providing theoretical support for an optimal decision-making in bicycle recycling logistics dominated by logistics suppliers(or operators)in FFBS system.(4)Research on the mechanism and strategies of specified operation in FFBS system:with the game theory and the thinking of supply chain brought into the mechanism design of specified operation of FFBS system,the decision-making behaviors of subjects in FFBS system operation are discussed.Through analyzing the variation of equilibrium point in the game,the main design points are offered for the risk-sharing mechanism of penalty for violation and the benefit-sharing mechanism of cost saving from carbon emission reduction among urban administrators,operators and users,providing references for a scientific decision-making in the mechanism design of specified operation in FFBS system.(5)Scientific and empirical analysis are conducted on the models and algorithms proposed in this paper.The results present great value for establishing and complementing the theories of FFBS system and provide scientific basis for the practical planning and managing of FFBS system.