Study On Optimization Design Of Man-seat Matching In Passenger Interface Of The High-speed Trains

With its fast development and wide coverage,high speed trains are attracting more and more passengers from all walks of life in China.Meanwhile,passengers are more demanding due to the improvement of train technologies and living standards.The seats,as one of the most used and the most-closely-connected facilities to passengers,have the most direct impact on the comfortableness of high speed trains.As the seats currently employed by our high speed trains are still in its transition period from introducing foreign technologies to independent research and development,relevant codes,standards and research work on seat comfortableness are still in their initial development stage.Therefore,in a bid to meet the growing demands of the passengers and make the design of the seats on high speed trains more user-friendly,this thesis makes in-depth study on contents pertinent to the “man-seat”matching on high speed trains' passenger interface,the major parts of which include:(1)Based on the user-centered industrial design principle and in combination with human factors engineering systematic theory,this thesis sorts out and sums up various factors in“man-seat-train” systems which affect passengers' comfortableness on high speed trains,and the theoretical knowledge about posture and behavior analysis,motion capture technology,virtual simulation technology,body pressure distribution test and comprehensive evaluation methods as well as their research status.(2)In accordance with passengers' features in the man-seat system on passenger interface,this thesis summarizes passengers' common demand of safety,speed,comfort and privacy,and their individual need based on the temperament,occupation,purpose of taking high speed trains,age and gender.It also provides insights into the physiological features,including human's spinal structure in seating posture and the measurement of natural curve,cervical vertebra curve and lumbar vertebra curve,as well as the principles and basis of selecting human body dimensions in seating posture.Based on the features of the seats in the man-seat system on passenger interface,it summarizes and analyzes the seats' functional and structural features,sorts out annotation and standardized naming of the seats' size parameters,compares and analyzes the differences in the sizes of the high-speed train seats in the existing standards,different models and related research documents.Based on Maslow's Needs-Hierarchy Theory,it examines the physiological need,behavioral need,security need,psychological need and aesthetic need of the passengers in the man-seat system,as well as their correspondence to the physical size,functions and operations,safety,passengers' expectations and aesthetic factors in seat design.It clarifies the correlation,key features,as well as researchable contents of man-seat matching based on the features of the passengers,and the functions,structure as well as geometrical sizes of the seats on high speed trains.Through analyzing the man-seatmatching correlation,4 design recommendations are raised on how to select the seats' function and dimension parameters.(3)Passengers' behavioral patterns during their train trip are collected with images and recorded,and their actions and sitting postures are observed,recorded and analyzed with Observer XT.Statistics on the duration and frequency of passengers' sitting postures and actions on the first-class seats and the second-class seats are also collected respectively.It compares and analyzes passengers' behaviors during different train-taking hours,at different seating locations and with different stature features.It clarifies the relationship between passengers' behavior rules,physiological reactions and psychological activities and the seats' functional and dimensional design.Thereby,it raises suggestions on behavioral-analysis-based seat design and the design objectives at different train-taking hours.It also obtains through analysis 22 typical sitting behavior elements and features of high speed train passengers,and conducts experimental simulation on the 22 typical sitting postures.Furthermore,it captures and positions the sitting posture with three-dimensional motion capture system,the postprocessing of which with systematic human body modeling technology generates a three-dimensional human motion capturing database with segments skeletal system.(4)Through establishing real-time connection and synchronizing sitting postures between the three-dimensional human motion capturing data with segments skeletons and the virtual human in Jack human-factor engineering analysis system,a virtual simulation database on typical sitting postures in high speed trains' “man-seat” system is built.In order to find typical sitting postures and matching correlation in high speed trains' man-seat system,it conducts virtual simulation analysis on lower back,comfort assessment and reach zones.Through mathematical modeling and man-seat matching rule analysis,11 optimal setting parameters of seats are obtained.A body pressure distribution test is designed and conducted for the man-seat matching on high speed trains' passenger interface,as a way to conduct pressure distribution test to find the man-seat matching rule between the basic dimensions and the contact surface.In combination with subjective questionnaires and fitting linear regression equation,10 optimal setting parameters of seats are verified and obtained.(5)Based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy procees,a comprehensive evaluation and study is conducted on the man-seat matching on high speed trains' passenger interface.By adopting the same process,the index system and weight set of the evaluation factors are determined on the basis of man-seat matching correlation.Based on the man-seat matching rule,a man-seat matching fuzzy evaluation matrix is built by combining the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation principles and both the subjective and the objective factors.Thus,a comprehensive evaluation model suitable for high speed trains' man-seat matching is finally established.Also,an evaluation system software on high speed trains' man-seat matching,with project management,grading and statistical functions,is designed and developed on the Windows platform by using Visual Studio tools.In addition,comprehensive evaluation as well as comparison and analysison the design entities of high speed trains' first-class seats and second-class seats are conducted by employing the man-seat matching evaluation model,the results of which demonstrate its effectiveness and practicality in optimization of seat design,man-seat matching analysis and other aspects as well.(6)Based on the research results on man-seat matching,it raises suggestions on the functional and dimensional design of the first-class seats and the second-class seats on high speed trains' passenger interface.