| Railway tunnels will develop towards "higher density,longer length,larger cross-section",leading to greater construction risk,which puts forward higher requirements for tunnel construction management.Compared with other non-underground projects,the probability of tunnel safety accidents,quality accidents,project delay,cost out of control is higher,and the consequences are more serious.If meticulous management and control of tunnel targets in the whole process can be achieved based on information technology,the risk of tunnel construction above will be reduced effectively,so this research is of great value.Through on-site investigation and consultation,and on the basis of continuously concreting user's needs,the construction of tunnel information platform and the multi-objective fine management of tunnel based on data driven are deeply studied,obtaining the following conclusions and results:1.Tunnel geology must be grasped timely and accurately in tunnel management.Therefore,in view of the extensive management and low data utilization rate of tunnel geology prediction system at this stage,geology prediction business process was reshaped and a new system of tunnel geology information system TGIS was developed based on data driven.The geological information in the geological survey and design stage,the geological information of advanced geology prediction in the construction stage and the geological information revealed in tunnel face were integrated efficiently in full view.The interface was reserved for the operation and maintenance stage of tunnel.The functions of prediction optimization and dynamic adjustment based on geological post-evaluation of tunnel face,real-time warning of forecast implementation based on construction progress,real-time grading and early warning pushed by geological anomalies,the assistant disposal of early warning based on machine learning,etc,were achieved,to reach the goal of fine management of tunnel geology information and provide strong support for multi-objective effective control of tunnel safety,duration,cost and even environment.2.The geological information revealed in tunnel face was most accurate,intuitive and valuable.In order to overcome the problems of just a mere formality in traditional manual sketch work and the low accuracy in image recognition,on the basic of multi-image stereo reconstruction technology or 3D laser scanning technology,a algorithm about 3D geological reconstruction of tunnel face point cloud was built and solved,to 3D reproduce tunnel excavation geology truly and extract structure surface automatically.In this,tunnel face geological information system FGIS was developed,to basically realize the functions of automatic 3D geological reconstruction,automatic parameter extraction of structure surface,automatic classification of surrounding rock,automatic report and display of 3D results.3.The safety and economy of tunnel support can be accurately and quantitatively assessed by monitoring data.Therefore,monitoring process was remolded and tunnel monitoring and measurement system TMMS was developed based on data driven,to support both traditional measurement methods(required items and selected items)and new measurement methods(automatic monitoring + holographic deformation monitoring).The functions of real-time adjustment and update of monitoring scheme based on tunnel geology,real-time reminder and delay statistic of monitoring point layout and implementation,real-time early warning and dynamic adjustment of support parameters based on deformation rate or deformation acceleration,optimization of support parameters based on experience data analogy,were realized.4.Aiming at the problems existing in traditional tunnel monitoring and measurement,holographic deformation monitoring based on 3D laser scanning technology was proposed,without target burying,to display overall and local deformation in full view.The traditional monitoring boundedness of limited sections and limited measure points was overcomed,to 3D reappeare tunnel real construction site and avoid the possibility of data fraud completely.According to this,a tunnel support evaluation system based on holographic deformation monitoring was constructed,that was,deformation acceleration was responsible for safety and accumulated deformation value was responsible for limits and economy.The unified quantitative evaluation of safety and economy was achieved,to avoid the possibility of false safety and no economic evaluation with limited data in traditional monitoring.5.Aiming at the problems of many detection parameters,high detection frequency and difficult data management,quality inspection business process was reshaped and tunnel quality inspection system TQIS was developed based on data driven.The functions of automatic evaluation,automatic report and results integrately display of material detection,initial support quality detection and lining quality detection in tunnel construction process,were basically realized,to achieve the purpose of fine quality control on site by means of information technology.6.In order to overcome the sampling inspection shortcomings of traditional tunnel quality,a rapid and holographic inspection method based on 3D laser scanning was proposed,and tunnel 3D laser point cloud data processing and analysis system PCAS was developed.The 11 functions of tunnel over-excavation and under-excavation analysis,shotcrete volume prediction,initial support thickness detection,initial support clearance detection,initial support flatness detection,lining reinforcement detection,lining grouting volume prediction,lining thickness detection,lining clearance detection,lining smoothness detection,lining apparent defects detection,were realized,to provide a good technical means for the fine control of tunnel quality.7.Factors related to tunnel construction period and cost were analysed by mathematical statistics,and a precise quantitative calculation model of Monte Carlo simulation was established based on its random distribution,to change the traditional calculation inaccuracy of tunnel construction period and cost according to the determined parameters.Secondly,risk decision aids for tunnelling RDAT was developed by programming the empirical model and fine model.The functions of online automatic analysis of tunnel construction period and cost,and dynamic optimization and adjustment auxiliary of tunnel construction organization design were realized,to ensure the normal and orderly of tunel construction and avoid project delay and the disordered state of catching up the process.8.In order to break through the "information islands" among the systems,tunnel business process was remodeled by information technology.Through the integration of tunnel related systems,the unified database of tunnel life cycle,unified user modules and functional authority classification were constructed,and tunnel information modelling TIM was developed innovatively,to realize the efficient network transfer and utilization of tunnel construction information "collection—transmission—analysis—decision—feedback".Thus,the information management mechanism of "geological fast feedforward — dynamic real-time design — monitoring real-time feedback — multi-objective evaluation and regulation" was established,to realize informatization,refinement,quantitative process control of tunnel targets of safety,quality,duration,cost,and so on.Taking Qingdao Metro as an example,on the basis of data mining of the massive measured data of Qingdao Metro Line 3 and Line 2,the multi-objective risks of Qingdao Metro,such as safety,environment,duration and cost were statistical and regression analysis,to establish a typical risk identification model and risk prediction model in the construction of Qingdao Metro,which can optimize and guide the uncompleted and new construction projects. |
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