Study On Behavior Characteristics And Evacuation Environment Of Evacuation In Buildings

In recent years,with the growth and aggregation of population,the possibility of more population gather in the building is increasing,and the composition of the person is also changing.In emergency,how to ensure the rapid and safe evacuation in buildings becomes an important part of emergency management.It is important to construct an appropriate evacuation environment which takes account of the personnel information in the building for the evacuation emergency management.Based on these,some behaviors in evacuation process are studied by numerical simulation method,and then the evacuation environment in buildings is evaluated and analyzed by the information technology,then to construct evacuation environment related to personnel information.In this thesis,we first analyze the personnel factors and architectural factors of evacuation in buildings,classifies these factors,and analyzes the reasons for the influence of various factors in evacuation and the possible consequences.In order to study the effect of helping behavior in evacuation,a cellular automaton model is established to consider the helping behavior.In the model,the evacuees are divided into the young people for help and the elderly who need help.Different speeds and common action strategies are used to simulate the helping behavior.Through the simulation analysis the influence of the help probability,the proportion of the old people and the initial position distribution of the elderly in evacuation process,then to understand the influence of the composition of the personnel,the quality of the personnel and the position of the personnel in evacuation.In order to study the effect of pedestrians’ familiarity with the exit of multi-exit room on evacuation time in evacuation process.We analyze the familiar situation of the personnel in a large shopping center use by a questionnaire.The analysis points out that the mobility of the personnel and the cognitive ability of the personnel have a significant impact to the pedestrians’ familiarity with the exit.Based on these,an improved cellular automata model is proposed in this paper.The model describes the familiarity with the exit location of multi-exit room according to the number of exits familiar to pedestrians in multi-exit room and constructs the evacuation static field on the grounds of the different degrees of familiarity of pedestrians,so as to realize the simulation study of the evacuation of people.Then to analyze the influence of the pedestrians’ familiarity with the exit when the crowd behavior,the personnel density,the familiar exits uniformity changes in evacuation process.To understand the influence of the personnel’s composition,the mobility of the personnel,the cognition of the personnel and so on.To study the influence of the internal changes of the building floor structure in evacuation of the whole building,an improved multi-grid cellular automaton model is proposed.The model describes the change of occupy cell of the personnel at different positions,the change of the speed of action at different positions,and the personnel turn problems at different positions.By the model,we simulate and analyze the evacuation of the whole building,the evacuation of each floor,the change in the staircase and the influence of small changes in the structure of the floor in evacuation when the of the internal changes of the building floor structure.Based on the research,we can understand personnel density,composition,quality,initial position,mobility,cognition and other personnel information and building information with the evacuation.Based on these,the paper uses the improved BP neural network algorithm and BIM technology to construct an evaluation model for building evacuation environment based on personnel information.In the model,by setting the building type and its function,personnel density,composition and other personnel information,the building related information is obtained through the BIM model,and then use the improved BP artificial neural network algorithm to test and evaluate the evacuation environment of the building,so as to provide help for the building emergency management.