Study On Risk Management Of Mariculture In Fujian Province

In April 2016,The Fujian government had promulgated the a file named?The Plan for the Development of Fujian Marine Economy from 2016 to 2020?.The official document clearly states that mariculture is the crucial industry of marine economy in Fujian Province.How to increase mariculture production and value is a significant issue.However,the various types of risks in the process of mariculture will result in an intense fluctuation of production and serious loss.So the current problem is that people need a risk management program to deal with the risk of mariculture.Further on,how to recognize the risk of mariculture in Fujian Province occurring?How to assess the risk loss?How to control the risk?There is no research to give systematic answers.In order to improve the yield and output of mariculture in Fujian Province,this study aims to achieve the following research objectives:Firstly,the occurrence mechanism of Fujian mariculture risk should be clarified.Secondly,The risk of Fujian mariculture should be evaluated and regionalized from a new angle of time and space.Thirdly,The risk of Fujian mariculture should be prevented and controlled the from a new angle of pre-nor post-processing steps.Specifically,sounding an early warning which is based on the mariculture risk index before the risk event happened,or spreading risks by insurance products after the risk occurred.This research mainly includes the following four parts:In the first part is defining the concept of keyword and constructing the theoretical framework of this paper.This part is composed of Chapter 3,firstly defines mariculture risk as a pure risk,clarifies the boundaries of research,expounds the development of risk management theory,uses this theory to construct the research framework of this essay and then use the risk warning theory and agricultural insurance theory as the basis,the risk of mariculture prevention and control furtherly refined into risk warning and risk dispersion.The second part is the identification and analysis of mariculture risk.This section is composed of Chapter 4,it had describe the characteristics of marine natural environment and the environment of risk occurrence in Fujian Province.And then the statistical analysis of seafood breeding status of four species(shellfish,fish,crustacean and algae)is carried out.Clear the status of Fujian mariculture industry in China.Then,based on the theory of risk management,the causes and formation mechanism of mariculture risk in Fujian Province were analyzed,and the formation mechanism of seawater farming risk in Fujian Province was drawn.Finally,based on the "Four risk factors",the factors of marine mariculture risk were analyzed from four aspects:disaster environment,disaster factor,and disaster receptor and disaster prevention and mitigation ability.The third part is the division and assessment of the risk of mariculture.This chapter includes Chapter 5 and Chapter 6.Concretely Chapter 5 constructs the risk assessment index system of mariculture risk based on the analysis of risk factors.Based on the spatial system,the four species of seafood in 26 counties of Fujian Province were clustered according the risk level,the risk of the level of the same county which is a unit into a cluster,and defining the risk level in each risk zone.Clustering results show that four species can be divided into five mariculture risk areas according to their sea farming risk,each of which is composed of several counties.Based on the index data of each county,the weighted average method was used to calculate the index data of each mariculture risk area.Then,the weight of each index is obtained by using the entropy method;finally the aquaculture risk index was calculated.The fourth part is the risk of marine aquaculture prevention and control.This section contains chapters 7 and 8.Chapter 7 is the risk of early warning,forecasting is the basis of early warning,so it first use of ARIMA Model and Trend Extrapolation Model to forecast the risk index between 2016 with 2018.Taking into account the risk of mariculture is a complex process,the black warning method is suitable for all types of risk areas were early warning,based on a small number of police principles and the principle of normal distribution to determine the police and police,and ultimately get warning result.Early warning is risk pre-prevention strategy,insurance is risk diversification strategy.Chapter 8 is the risk of dispersion,the first analysis of Fujian Province,the traditional mariculture insurance to carry out the plight and consider the use of index insurance to overcome,and then explore the mariculture index insurance advantages and development status,but found that the success of domestic mariculture index insurance The case of less,and the international success of aquatic index insurance experience,so the selection of the United Kingdom,the United States and India successfully promote the experience of reference,and finally put forward Fujian Province aquaculture index insurance promotion strategy.The fifth part is the policy recommendations for risk management of mariculture.The fifth part only contains the Chapter 9,which is proposed from the macro point of view to strengthen the risk management of mariculture in Fujian Province,mainly from the rational planning of mariculture layout,to strengthen the early warning of marine disasters,improve the top of the mariculture insurance design and integrated risk disposal system And so on four aspects to elaborate.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:Firstly,the risk of mariculture and agricultural risk are quite different.In addition to the risk characteristics of general agricultural production,the risk of mariculture is also characterized by its three-dimensional characteristics,that is,the mariculture pattern is usually vertical sea,the density is large;The process of marine organisms to be attached to the carrier,and aquaculture carrier is usually not strong,so Fujian marine aquaculture culture exposed high risk once the loss will be very serious.Secondly,theoretically,risk management can be well applied to mariculture risk disposal.The risk of seawater culture in Fujian is the result of four factors:the environment of the disaster,the disaster factor,the disaster receptor and the disaster prevention and mitigation.The risk is the result of the four factors,and the final loss is four The results of the joint action of Fujian seawater culture risk analysis mechanism found that the risk formation process is a "total-sub-total" process.Thirdly,according to the spatial dimension,the risk classification index of four kinds of seafood(shellfish,fish,crustaceans and algae)is divided into high,medium,medium and low,and 20 risk District,the risk area presents "two heavy,middle light"and "outside the sea weight,within the coastal light" characteristics.The northern part of Fujian Province is always a high risk area,especially Fuding and Xiapu,perennial typhoon,red tide hazards,for seashells and sea fish,Fujian southern coastal and northern coastal farming risk is high,the central coastal sea aquaculture;Crustaceans and seaweeds in the middle and northern parts of Fujian,and the low risk of farming in the southern region.The differences in the distribution of different types of mariculture are mainly related to the habitat of sea water,the scale of cultivation and the density of farming,and the global climate change.It is worth noting that,Fujian marine aquaculture main producing areas is the high risk of breeding areas.Fourth,from the time dimension,based on the definition of risk in the United Nations organizations to calculate and assess the risk of 20 risk areas,the results found that the highest risk of seaweed farming in Fujian Province,followed by the risk of marine culture,seaweed farming risk size The results showed that the risk index of each risk could be consistent with the characteristics of the risk zone,which indicated that the risk zoning result was reliable.From the trend point of view,in the long run,,The risk index of marine aquaculture in Fujian Province showed a trend of growth.In the short term,the risk index of aquaculture in high risk area was generally fluctuated,and the risk index of low risk area was relatively gentle.Fifth,from the perspective of risk prevention and control,risk warning and dispersion is a means of effectively managing the risk of mariculture.It is most suitable for the early warning of marine aquaculture risk.Based on this method,the risk of early warning of mariculture in Fujian Province from 2017 to 2018 is not optimistic.In the next two years,there is a risk zone,It should be noted that the high risk of the future of the future does not mean that the high risk zone will be downgraded into high or medium risk areas,can only say that the high risk zone risk of the next 2 years is unlikely.It is difficult to carry out in Fujian,and the advantages of index insurance can be a good solution to the above problems,Fujian has been in the design and management of the risk of diversification,insurance is the best risk diversification means,but by moral hazard,systemic risk and other factors,In this paper,after drawing on the experience of overseas aquaculture index insurance,this paper argues that it is necessary to set up multi-party participation in index insurance product design,build multiple compensation mechanism of district and sales mode of"guarantee" To promote Fujian marine aquaculture index insurance.