A Taxonomic Study Of The Eriophyoidea From Hengduan Mountains Of China(Acari:Eriophyoidea)

Eriophyoid mite(Acari:Eriophyidea)are worldwide distributed and phytophagous.They are the important pest mites on crops,vegetables,flowers,garden plants and Chinese herbal medicine plants.Hengduan Mountains are well placed in the jointed location of Palaearctic and Oriental region and with much richer animal and plant species resources.However,the eriophyoid mite species of Hengduan Mountains have not been conducted an investigation systematically.This dissertation is the first systematically study on the Eriophyoidea classification in Hengduan Mountains of China.This study arranged the fauna distribution in this region,made an analysis of the characters of geographic distribution and simply discussed the origins and evolution in this region.The study provides materials for further understanding and protection of the eriophyoid mites resources and lays the foundation for assessment of Eriophyoidea classification system.This paper records 3 families,128 species of Eriophyoidea in Henduan Mountains,including 1 new genus,24 new species and 12 new recorded species.This paper provides a detailed description of these 120 species,which were collected by the author,and includes the retrieval table for Eriophyoidea in Henduan prepared by including the family,subfamily,tribe,genus and species.The main results obtained are as follows:New genus:Theaphyes gen.nov..New species:Cosella delavayi sp.nov.,Theaphyes rapaneae sp.nov.,Paracaphyllisa theacea sp.nov.,Knorella fortunei sp.nov.,Acaricalus octophyllus sp.nov.,Calacarus bambus sp.nov.,Tegonotus fabric sp.nov.,Phyllocoptruta juniperiana sp.nov.,Phyllocoptruta hodginsii sp.nov.,Proiectus hengshanensis sp.nov.,Calvittacus mollissimus sp.nov.(species complex),Leipothrix houttuyniae sp.nov.,Anthocoptes artemisia sp.nov.,Tetra cupulara sp.nov.(species complex),Tetra banqiaoensis sp.nov.,Tetra virga sp.nov.,Tetra ampelopsis sp.nov.,Tetra bambusa sp.nov.,Tetra.spinus lucida sp.nov.,Tetraspinus fabaceae sp.nov.,Vittacus formosanae sp.nov.,Rhyncaphytoptus dielsianus sp.nov.,Konola mollissima sp.nov.,Neorhynacus molle sp.nov..New records:Trisetacus alborum Keifer,1963;Trisetacus thujivagrans Smith,1977;Acaralox croatiae Skoracka,Labrzycka&Rector,2009;Acaralox arundinaceus Skoracka,2002;Phyllocoptes slinkardensis Keifer,1966;Aculus xylostei(Canestrini),1891;Aculus malivagrans(Keifer),1946;Aculus lespedezae Keifer,1964;Aculodes mckenziei(Keifer),1944;Abacarus orientalis Sukhareva,1985;Diptilomiopus assamica Keifer,1959;Rhyncaphytoptus castanifoliae Keifer,1940.Fruit trees and crops:Phyllocoptruta oleivora(Ashmead),1879 on Citrus sp.L.(Rutaceae);Calacarus carinatus(Green),1890 on Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Ktze.(Theaceae).This paper studies composition and characters of eriophyoid mites fauna of Hengduan Mountains Region with distributions based on their precise identifications.The main results obtained are as follows:(1)The region has complicated fauna components;(2)The Palaearctic and Oriental species have some blending.Henduan Mountains are well placed in the jointed location of Palaearctic and Orienta region.Many studies have shown that Fugong County and Cangshan Mountain in Northwest of Yunnan is the area with the most Palaearctic and Oriental species blending.Most of Palaearctic species diffusions are distributed among an elevation of 1500-2500 meters,extending to Baoshan City and Kunming City in southern Yunnan.Oriental species in Henduanshan Mountains region are most abundant in this location,as well,extending to Haba Snow Mountain in Shangri-la,Northern Yunnan;(3)Along the altitude gradient,there is an obvious difference in the species composition and community diversity,manifesting a distinct vertical pattern.Overall,eriophyoid mites fauna is more diverse in higher-altitude regions than in lower-altitude regions;(4)The species richness of eriophyoid mites fauna is highest among an elevation of 1000-2500 meters,and endemic species are also unusually rich there.It is important to note,however,in areas less rich in species(elevation over 3500 meters),endemic species are in strong differentiation;the proportions of endemic species is 67%among eriophyoid mites fauna.This indicates,for one thing,the tectonic uplift of great amplitude of Henduan Mountains promotes the evolution and differentiation of eriophyoid mites,so the eriophyoid mites can adapt to high altitudes.For the other,it reflects the reversal of Quaternary Ice Age and interglacial periods that affect species differentiation and vertical distribution.