Construction Of InsectBase And Genome Analysis Of Two Insects

The rapid development of sequencing technology has led to tremendous changes in life science,which has boosted the biological big data era in the 21st century.At present,more than 300 insect genomes had been sequenced,and big data omics analysis has become an important approach to scientific research.In this paper,with the InsectBase genomic data analysis platform,two insects'genomic analysis of the parasitoid wasp Macrocentrus cingulum and the codling moth Cydia pomonella were carried out,respectively,which shed new lights in the field of the parasitic wasps and invasive biology at postgenomic era 1.The construction of InsectBaseWith rapid growth of insect genome data,the management and efficient use of them had become a bottleneck.Here,we constructed a platform InsectBase(http://www.insect-genome.com/)by collecting data of insect genomes,transcriptomes,miRNAs and UTRs that have been published or publicly available in various biological databases.InsectBase provides services such as sequence query,alignment,genome visualization,KEGG pathway and annotation,phylogenetic tree construction,data download,etc.In addition,a Facebook-like network for the insect community(iFacebook)was established based on a network model of the relationship between gene-researcher-organism"through literature data mining.We believed the iFacebook can promote academic communication between entomologists.InsectBase is a user-friendly database with comprehensive data and functions that would be greatly helpful for entomological researchers.2.Genomic analysis of parasitism,polyembryony and immune evasion in the endoparasitoids wasp Macrocentrus cingulum The parasitoid wasp Macrocentrus cingulum is an endoparasitoids wasp that parasitizes pests such as corn borer.It has potential application prospects in biological control.M.cingulum has a phenotype of polyembryony,the formation of multiple genetically identical offspring from a single zygote.Moreover,M.cingulum employs a passive parasitic strategy by preventing the host's immune system from recognizing the embryo as a foreign body.Here,combined with the genome,transcriptome,and other multi-omics data analysis,we found that the most abundant transcripts in normal embryos were from genes associated with cell growth and development.In contrast,abundant transcripts were from genes associated with nutrition metabolism for the pseudogerms.The differences in highly-expressed genes between these two types of embryonic cells are consistent with their distinct functions in embryonic development.miR-14b was found to be highly expressed in polyembryony development,and target prediction showed that it may target at MBP-1,KMT2E and RUNT genes.In vitro luciferase assay confirmed these interactions.These target genes were associated with cell proliferation,suggesting that the miR-14b might regulate the polyembryonic development in M.cingulum by regulating cell proliferation.By comparing the Hemomucin protein genes in different parasitic wasps,we found that the glycosylation of the mucin domain of Hemomucin might have an important role in the passive immune in M.cingulum.A systematical analysis of the P450 family among different parasitic wasp showed that two P450 genes,CYP18 and CYP314,are 1:1:1 orthologous that are highly conserved in the parasitic wasps.Comparative genomic analysis also identified the Braconidae specific gene CYP304 and the endoparasitoids specific gene CYP28.It lays the significant foundation for the genetic improvement and large-scale breeding of parasitic wasps for biological control.3.Genome sequence of codling moth and its invasive genome featuresCydia pomonella is a severe pest of apple,pear and other fruits.It is an important quarantine insect species in China.We assembled a chromosome level genome by combining two types of sequencing technologies including Illumina and PacBio.With assistance of Bio-Nano and Hi-C technologies,a chromosome level genome assembly of C.pomonella was obtained with 772 Mb in genome size.Hi-C successfully ordered and anchored scaffolds to 29 chromosomes(27 autosomes,Z and W chromosome).We predicted 17,184 protein-coding genes from the genome of C.pomonella.We did comparative genomic analysis between seven invasive and seven non-invasive insects,suggesting that 24 gene families related to detoxification metabolism,defense,nutrient metabolism,immunity and transcriptional activity were significantly expanded in invasive insects.Population genetic analysis showed that Xinjiang population of C.pomonella is closer to the German strain.This work provided a chromosome-level genome and revealed the invasive genome features of codling moth.It also provided genome data and theoretical basis for controlling this notorious insect pest.More importantly,it presented a useful strategy to assemble a high-quality genome for lepidopteran insects which are considered as a bottleneck breakthrough in insect genome field.