| Micronutrients are important to human health.Molybdenum(Mo)and zinc(Zn)are both essential trace elements for human health,Mo and Zn deficiency can affect human health.Wheat,together with corn and rice,is known as the“three world food crops”,and Mo and Zn are indispensable trace elements in the growth and development of wheat.However,there is a lack of Mo and Zn in some wheat producing areas in China and the world.Soil Mo deficiency or Zn deficiency will affect the yield and quality of wheat,and lead to low levels of Mo or Zn in wheat grain.Therefore,the combined application of Mo and Zn has a great significance for wheat production,and also has an important practical significance for human health.Most of the previous studies have focused on the study of wheat Mo or Zn nutrition,while there are few studies on the Mo and Zn combination on the yield and its constituent factors,grain quality and physiological metabolism of winter wheat.In this study,winter wheat was used as the research object to study the effects of Mo and Zn combination on grain yield and its constituent factors,grain quality,physiological metabolism,the nutrient uptake and distribution of Mo,Zn and other elements in winter wheat were studied.The main conclusions are as follows:1)Pot experiment and field experiments were conducted to study the effect of Mo and Zn combination on winter wheat yield and its constituent factors.The results showed that application of Mo alone and its combined with Zn significantly increased spike and thousand kernels weight(TKW)of winter wheat under potted condition,application of Mo,Zn alone and their combined significantly enhanced grain yield,and the effect of their combination was the best.The grain yield of winter wheat was significantly increased by 13.72%from the main effect of Mo,and which was significantly improved by 8.74%for the main effect of Zn.Compared with the control,foliar application of Mo,Zn and their combination increased the number of winter wheat spike,application of Mo and Zn increased TKW of winter wheat.2)Under the condition of nutrient culture,the root/shoot ratio of winter wheat showed a trend of“decreasing first and then increasing”with the increase of Mo,and the root/shoot ratio increased with the increase of Zn application rate.The total root length of winter wheat decreased with the increase of Mo application,and the trend of“decreasing first and then increasing”was observed with the increase of Zn application.The total surface area and average diameter of winter wheat roots increased with the increase of Mo application,while the total surface area and average diameter was“increasing first,then decreasing”with the increase of Zn application.The total volume of winter wheat roots showed a trend of“decreasing first,then increasing”with the increase of Mo application,and showed a trend of“increasing first,then decreasing”with the increase of the amount of Zn applied.3)Pot experiment and field experiment were conducted to study the effects of Mo and Zn application on the contents of starch and protein in winter wheat grain.The results indicated that amylopectin content of winter wheat grain could be significantly enhanced by application of Mo and Zn in potted soil and foliar application of Mo and Zn in the field.Foliar application of Mo and Zn had an effect on improving the contents of prolamin and glutelin in winter wheat grain.On the potted condition,soil Zn application alone and its combined with Mo significantly increased Phe content by 18.73%,28.15%,and enhanced Tyr content by 32.02%?34.50%.Co-application of Zn and Mo significantly decreased Ser content in winter wheat grain.Compared with the control,soil co-application of Zn and Mo significantly reduced the ratio of NEAA to TAA,and significantly improved the ratio of EAA to TAA.There were significant positive correlation between TAA and Asp,Thr,Ser,Glu,Gly,Ala,Val,Met,Ile,Leu,Lys,His and Arg in winter wheat grain.4)The effects of Mo and Zn combination on the photosynthetic physiology indexes such as SPAD value,soluble sugar,photosynthetic pigments,photosynthetic parameters,the antioxidant enzymes activities of winter wheat were studied.The results showed that the SPAD value of winter wheat leaves were significantly improved by application of Mo,Mo+Zn at jointing stage.The SPAD value of wheat leaves increased with the increase of Mo,and showed the trend of“increasing first,then decreasing”with the increase of Zn application on the condition of nutrient culture.The soluble sugar contents in winter wheat leaves of Mo+Zn treatment were significantly improved at tillering and jointing stage.At jointing stage,the contents of Chl a and Chl a+b in winter wheat leaves of Mo application alone,application Zn alone and their combination were significantly improved,and carotenoid content of Mo+Zn treatment was significantly higher than the treatments of Mo application alone and the control.At filling stage,the contents of Chl a,Chl b,Chl a+b and carotenoid in winter wheat leaves of Mo application alone and its combined with Zn were significantly higher than the control.At jointing and filling stage,the P_nof winter wheat leaves were significantly increased by application of Mo alone and its combined with Zn,L_sand C_iwas significantly increased and decreased by application of Mo+Zn,respectively.At jointing stage,The T_rof winter wheat leaves were significantly increased in the treatments of sole Zn and the combined.At jointing stage,the activities of POD,SOD and CAT in winter wheat leaves were significantly enhanced by application of Zn alone and its combined with Mo.5)The effects of Mo and Zn combination on the soluble protein content,the activity of NR,and N absorption and utilization of winter wheat were studied by pot experiment and nutrient culture experiment.The soluble protein content in winter wheat leaf of tillering stage was significantly increased by application of Mo alone.At jointing stage,the NR activities of winter wheat leaves were significantly improved by application of Mo alone and its combined with Zn.The effects of Mo and Zn on the content of N in shoot and root of winter wheat were significant,and Mo has significant influence on the total accumulation of N in winter wheat plant.6)The effects of Mo and Zn combination on Mo content and distribution of winter wheat were studied by pot experiment,field experiment and nutrient solution culture experiment.The results showed that Mo content and accumulation in the upper part of winter wheat could be significantly increased by applying Mo alone and its combined with Zn on the pot condition.On the field condition,foliar application of Mo alone and its combined with Zn significantly increased Mo contents in leaves,panicles and glumes of winter wheat,and improved Mo contents in grains of winter wheat.On the condition of nutrient solution culture,Mo application had a significant influence on the content and accumulation of Mo in the shoots and roots of winter wheat.The proportion of Mo accumulation in winter wheat shoot showed a trend of“increasing first,then decreasing”with the increase of Mo application,while the proportion of Mo accumulation in winter wheat root showed a trend of“decreasing first,then increasing”with the increase of Mo application.7)The effects of Mo and Zn combination on Zn content and distribution of winter wheat were studied by pot experiment,field experiment and nutrient solution culture experiment.The results showed that Zn content and accumulation in the upper part of winter wheat were significantly increased by applying Zn alone and its combined with Mo on the pot condition.On the field condition,foliar application of Mo+Zn and Zn alone could significantly increase Zn content in leaves of winter wheat at jointing and heading stage,it has significant effect on increasing zinc content of winter wheat grain.On the condition of nutrient solution culture,the application of Mo,Zn had a significant effect on the content of Zn in shoots of winter wheat,and effects of application of Mo,Zn and interaction of Mo and Zn on Zn contents in root of winter wheat were significant.The contents of Zn in the shoots and roots of winter wheat showed a trend of“increasing first,then decreasing”with the increase of Mo application.The accumulation of Zn in winter wheat showed a trend of“increasing first,then decreasing”with the increase of Mo application.With the increase of Zn application,the proportion of Zn accumulation in winter wheat root was increased,while the proportion of Zn accumulation in winter wheat shoot was decreased.8)The effect of Mo and Zn combination on the contents and accumulations of other elements in winter wheat were studied by nutrient solution culture experiments.The results showed that the effect of Mo application on P content in the shoot and root of winter wheat was highly significant,application of Zn had a significant effect on P content in winter wheat shoot,and application of Mo had a significant effect on the total accumulation of P in winter wheat plant.The total accumulation of K in winter wheat plant was significantly affected by Mo application.Zn application had a significant effect on the Mg content in the root of wheat,Mo application had highly significant effect on total Mg accumulation in wheat plant.The effect of Mo on the contents of Ca in shoot and root of wheat was significant,the total accumulation of Ca in wheat plant was significantly affected by application of Mo and Zn.The application of Mo,Zn and their interaction had significant influence on the contents of Mn in shoot and root of wheat,and the effects of application Mo,Zn and their interaction on the total accumulation of Mn in wheat plants were very significant.The application of Mo,Zn and interaction between Mo and Zn had significant effects on Cu content in the shoot and root of wheat,and the effects of application Mo,Zn and their interaction on the total accumulation of Cu in wheat plants were highly significant.Application Mo had a significant influence on Fe content in wheat shoot,and the application of Mo,Zn and interaction between Mo and Zn had significant effects on Fe content in wheat root.The total accumulation of Fe in wheat plant was significantly affected by application of Mo,Zn and their interaction. |
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