| Mental Retardation(MR),also known as the mentally retarded,refers to a complex of symptoms that damage the structure and / or function of the brain before the fetus,perinatal or post birth until 18 years of age,due to genetic,congenital or acquired harmful factors.Its clinical characteristics are comprehensive mental retardation,accompanied by obvious social inadaptability and learning difficulties,usually not progressive.It is a disease that seriously endangers the physical and mental health of children.At the same time,because of their difficulty in adapting to the objective environment in their study,life and behavior,they bring great burden to the family and the society.Late mental development is a disease which seriously endangers children's physical and mental health,and brings great burden to families and society.According to statistics,there are about 150 million MR patients all over the world.In China's,the latest epidemiological survey shows that the prevalence rate of MR is 1.2%,of which 0.7% in urban areas and 1.41% in rural areas.That is to say,there are at least 1 MR patients in every 100 children.Therefore,the prevention and treatment of MR has become a worldwide important medical topic.Modern medicine has made great progress in the pathogeny and pathology of MR through extensive epidemiological investigation and modern scientific and technological means of MR.But 21.9% of the patients are still unknown.It can be summarized as two categories: biomedical factors and social psychological and cultural factors.Analysis of the cause of brain damage,hypoxia,perinatal abnormalities,middle nervous system infection andpoisoning,congenital and transmitted diseases play an important role.Pathological studies have found that MR,due to insufficient cerebral blood flow,has substantial abnormalities in the brain and electroencephalogram,low immune function,disturbance of circulation,disturbance of microelement metabolism,and lipid peroxide injury.In addition,MR has significant mental retardation and social adaptive behavior defects,with obvious decrease in legal power and perceptual ability.However,the treatment of MR has not yet found a positive,active and effective treatment.On the basis of the pathogeny understanding of MR,modern medicine can avoid serious mental retardation on some hereditary metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria,galactohyperemia,maple glycuria,and hepatolenticular degeneration,such as early diagnosis and diet therapy as early as possible.The treatment of congenital Klein disease with thyroxine can also improve mental retardation.For some congenital craniocerebral deformities such as craniofacial and congenital hydrocephalus,surgical treatment can relieve brain compression and help them develop.But after all,these are only a few of the MR patients,most of which can not be treated with etiological treatment,and the symptoms associated with MR,such as abnormal behavior,hyperactivity,attention deficit,etc.,can be treated with central excitatory drugs,anticonvulsant drugs for epilepsy,and psychotic symptoms with diazepam.In recent years,the use of cerebrolysin seems to promote the development of language and motor function in moderate and severe patients,but there are still many unsatisfactory results.So far,mental retardation has not been treated only by drug treatment,but there is no panacea for a positive effect,or even as a placebo,or only as a therapeutic aid,rather than a fundamental treatment.Although Chinese traditional medicine does not have this disease name,from the analysis of the relevant records,we can see that in the pre Qin period,"dusk" and "no Hui" means the disease.It has been preliminarily assumed to be in the brain.Since then,doctors have gradually gained a deeper understanding of the etiology,pathology and syndrome differentiation and treatment of the disease.Most of them believe that the disease is mainly related to congenital deficiency,heart and kidney deficiency and cerebral marrow failure.The main causes of acquired diseases include deficiency of five zang organs,deficiency of heat,deficiency of Qi,blood stasis and phlegmdampness.In the past thirty years,the treatment of acupoints from the meridian,the heart meridian,the kidney meridian and so on,using the hemp fire method,the body acupuncture therapy,the auricular point therapy,the head acupoint therapy,the water needle therapy,the catgut embedding therapy,the meridian guide and the comprehensive therapy,and so on,have AChieved considerable effect in the treatment of MR.It provides many useful enlightenments for further research on MR therapy in the future.Wisdom three needles,four spirit needles and three three needles are all original acupuncture therapy by Professor Ly,an old professor of traditional Chinese medicine.They are often used in clinical MR treatment.Wisdom three needle 3 points(God court,bilateral God),are located in the forehead,for the "God" related acupoints.The four God needle is the front,the rear top and the foot sun bladder through the left and right sides,so the four God needles can pass the regulating vein,the foot of the sun bladder through the meridian meridian,according to the theory of "the meridians pass through,the main treatment and",is more broad in the projection area of the brain than the four gods,which can enlarge the stimulation effect of acupuncture to the brain and enhance the treatment.Effect.In addition,the temporal three needles are located in the head of the head of the temporomandibular region.When the tip of the ear is straight,the two inch is the first needle,through the foot Shaoyang,the sun's meeting rate valley point and the hand and foot Shaoyang's angle Sun Xue.The second needles and third needles in eachACh side of the first needle are separately opened by the hand,the Foot Yangming,the Shaoyang and the foot Shaoyang,too.The third needle is located near the Tianchong point,which is the intersection point of foot Shaoyang and the sun.Therefore,acupuncture on three needling time can stimulate the meridian qi and dredge the collaterals.The clinical randomized controlled study showed that the curative effect of three needles,four needles and temporal three needles in the treatment of MR was better than that of the conventional western medicine group,and its near and long term effect was better than that of the western medicine group.This study focused on acupoints,three needles,four needles,and three points of acupuncture.According to the intelligence quotient and social adaptive behavior quotient,as the standard of evaluation of curative effect,51 cases of MR were treated by JS78-3 electroacupuncture treatment instrumentproduced by Guangzhou the Yellow Sea Electrical Appliance Factory,and 88.23%of the effective rate was obtained.This study confirmed that the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion has nothing to do with sex.This is due to the fact that MR's intelligence and social adaptability are independent of gender.The curative effect of acupuncture is closely related to the age and severity of MR children.The smaller the age and the lighter the condition,the better the curative effect.On the other hand,the worse the curative effect.The smaller the age is,the less mature the brain is,the more plastic it is.The less the disease,the smaller the damage to the brain,the more compensable brain tissue,and the easier it is to compensate for the function of the brain and to develop the intelligence and improve the social adaptability.Secondly,the curative effect and the course of treatment also have a certain relationship.Through the analysis of the curative effect of 51 cases of MR which persisted in 3 courses of treatment,the effective rate of the first course was 72.55%,while the effective rate of the second course and the third course was 88.24% and 90.20% respectively.The longer the treatment is,the better the curative effect is.However,there was no significant difference between the second courses and the third courses(P>0.05),suggesting that the treatment of MR should be two courses.At the same time,it shows that the increase of MR intelligence is limited.The curative effect of different acupuncture treatments showed that the effective rate of acupuncture group was 69.23%.It is indicated that acupuncture acupoint is the main reason for the effect of MR.The electroacupuncture group and the comprehensive group were obviously superior to the acupuncture group.This is probably because electroacupuncture can increase the content of neurotransmitters related to learning and memory in comparison with acupuncture.There was no significant difference between the electro acupuncture group and the combined group,indicating that the drugs injected at the acupuncture point had little effect on the curative effect of Electroacupuncture on MR.There is no significant difference in curative effect between different syndromes,which may be related to differentiation of acupoints.It is preliminarily believed that electro acupuncture therapy can stimulate the vitality of the head and achAChieve the purpose of filling marrow,dredging brain collaterals,exhilarating the yuan spirit,restoring consciousness and opening up the brain,and developing intelligence.Electroacupuncture increases cerebral bloodflow,improves cerebral circulation,promotes the metabolism and development of brain cells,and increases the content of neurotransmitters related to learning and memory.It is an intrinsic mechanism for the improvement of MR intelligence.By further analysis of RIQ,VIQ,PIQ and eACh test scale of different age MR,it was found that the improvement of MB and its intellectual structure at different age levels were not consistent.That is,the increase of VIQ in the low age group is obvious,and the PIQ in the high age group varies greatly.Through the analysis of the three factor intelligence quotient,we can see that the improvement of the attention / memory factor is the main reason for the rise of FIQ.The main reason for these differences is determined by the inherent law of MR's intelligence development.The clinical observation of social adaptive behavior quotient(ADQ)showed that ADQ also increased significantly after electroacupuncture,while three factor T scores also improved to varying degrees.It is preliminarily indicated that the improvement of adaptive behavior is helpful to stimulate its learning motivation,to improve its adaptation to the learning environment and to make its intelligence as possible as possible.It may also be an important reason that can not be ignored in the improvement of the MR's FIQ.MR is a disease which seriously endangers the physical and spiritual health of children and also gives a heavy load to family and society.According to figures P3 is the potential recorded on the scalp when a person noticing an object starts to do cognitive work hours.It can reflect the brain's ability to process external information.According to whether the subjects were asked to respond to stimuli,P3 could also be task F3 and task free P3.The study found that among 23 children with MR,82.61% of MR had abnormal P3 latency,the main manifestations of which were P3 wave inintegration,prolonged latency,increased amplitude,and a high negative correlation between P3 latency and FIQ.After electroacupuncture treatment,the latency of P3 was shortened and the amplitude of wave increased.It suggested that electroacupuncture could promote the myelination of nerve fibers in the cerebral cortex and increase the number of synapses in the cerebral cortex.In this study,the P3 latency was used as a standard for evaluating the efficacy of MR,and it was found to have a 78.26% coincidence with the results of FIQ evaluation,indicating that the P3 incubation period could be used as an objective criterion for theevaluation of the curative effect of MR.In this study,36 cases of MR BAEP were detected.17 cases of 26 ears had BAEP abnormalities,mainly manifested as prolonged latency and decreased V wave amplitude.After electroacupuncture,the latency of the first wave and the amplitude of V wave were improved significantly.At the same time,it was found that with the improvement of BAEP,the VIQ of MR patients was also significantly improved,indicating that electroacupuncture could increase the nerve conduction ability of the auditory pathway and improve the peripheral auditory sensitivity,and promote the language development of MR from the surface.In this paper,we studied the mouse model of learning and memory impairment induced by repeated cerebral ischemia and reperfusion,and found that EA could promote the immune function of the model red blood cells.The results of this experiment showed that compared with the model group,the RbcC3 bRR in the acupuncture group and the electroacupuncture group increased remarkably(P<0.01),and the RFIR was significantly lower(P <0.01),and the RFER was significantly increased(P <0.05),and so on.Secondly,as described in the seventh chapter,acupuncture or electroacupuncture can improve the content of beta endorphin in the model mice,thus strengthening the regulation of the immune adhesion function of red cells,which may also be an important reason why the immune function of red cells can not be ignored.At the same time,EA can promote the regeneration and sprouting of AChE positive fibers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.Compared with the acupuncture group and the electroacupuncture group,the AChE positive fiber density was significantly higher than that of the latter(P <0.01),indicating that acupuncture or electroacupuncture could promote the regeneration of AChE positive fibers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of cerebral ischemia reperfusion mice.At the same time,it indicates that acupuncture or electroacupuncture can improve the learning and memory function of rats,probably through promoting the regeneration of AChE positive fibers or sprouting from lateral branches.Therefore,electroacupuncture makes part of the function of the central cholinergic system rehabilitate,which is one of the mechanisms of improving the learning and memory performance of model mice,and reaffirms that the effect of electroacupuncture is better than that of acupuncture.In conclusion,the effect of Electroacupuncture on MR is multi angle andmulti-level.The reasons for the improvement of MR's FIQ are multifaceted.P3 cognitive evoked potential can be used as one of the objective criteria for diagnosing MR. |
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