| Part I Application of Carbon nanoparticles in laparoscopic surgery for early distal gastric cancer and its clinical applica-tion researchBackgroundGastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the clinic and is the most common type of gastric malignant tumor.From the perspective of epidemi-ology,the incidence of gastric cancer shows obvious regional differences.East Asian countries are far higher than European and American countries.Among them,China,Japan and Korea are the most important.Half of the world's patients suffering from gastric cancer are from Our country.Geographically,China's northwestern region and eastern coastal region are high-incidence areas,which are inseparable from the living and eating habits of the above-mentioned areas,such as smoked,pickled prod-ucts and meat-based diets.Gastric cancer originates from the mucosal epithelium of the stomach,and most of them belong to adenocarcinoma,which can occur in any part of the stomach,and more than half of them occur in the antrum.The early ab-sence of specific symptoms of gastric cancer makes it easy to be misdiagnosed or missed,delaying diagnosis and treatment.From a prognostic point of view,the over-all 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer is still low,and the data of China,the United States,Germany,and France are both 20%-30%.The 5-year survival rate of patients with early gastric cancer after standard sur-gery can be as high as 90%-95%,while the 5-year survival rate of patients with ad-vanced gastric cancer is only 10%-20%.Even in early gastric cancer,the metastasis rate of cancer cells in lymph nodes is close to 20%.It can be seen that lymph node metastasis is one of the most important indicators determining the prognosis of pa-tients regardless of early gastric cancer or advanced gastric cancer.Therefore,clean and thorough regional lymph node dissection is an important prerequisite for success-ful surgery.According to the requirements of the new Japanese "Stomach Treatment Protocol" and "Guidelines for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer",more than 15 lymph nodes are recommended for pathological examination.And the treatment of early gastric cancer believes that the removal of 2/3 to 3/4 of the stomach and the addition of D2 lymph node dissection is a safe and reasonable treatment,which can ensure the therapeutic effect and 5-year survival rate without significantly increasing concur-rency.The probability of a disease.Expanded radical surgery,whether it is surgical complications or intraoperative mortality and postoperative complications,blind ex-pansion of radical surgery,can not bring a higher 5-year survival rate,accurately de-termine whether lymph nodes metastasize to cancer cells It is important.Choosing an effective method to accurately determine the state of lymphatic metastasis not only has great guiding significance for radical surgery,but also directly affects the prog-nosis of patients and the development of follow-up adjuvant treatment.Our common-ly used detection methods such as serum tumor markers,ultrasound,CT,magnetic resonance and even PET-CT lack sensitivity and accuracy.Intraoperative determina-tion of whether lymph nodes are metastatic lymph nodes is also dependent on the subjective feelings and clinical experience of the surgeon.Therefore,how to accu-rately and quickly assess regional lymph node metastasis can ensure unnecessary cleansing of tumor cells while reducing unnecessary trauma and Complications have always been a hot issue in clinical research.As a third-generation tracer product,nano-carbon lymphatic tracer can clearly show the path of lymphatic drainage,which makes the lymphatic dissection of gas-tric cancer surgery more accurate and targeted,and gradually gains clinical consensus.The nano-carbon lymphatic tracer has a strong lymphatic affinity,and the doctor does not have to worry that it will enter the capillaries and enter the blood circulation system;moreover,the nanocarbon preparation does not easily enter the interstitial space.In addition,since the nano-carbon microparticles have better lymph node tro-pism and aggregation,they are easily deposited in the lymph nodes where they pass,and the black staining of the lymph nodes is achieved.This is of great significance for gastric cancer surgery that requires accurate and thorough cleaning of regional lymph nodes,especially for laparoscopic surgery of early gastric cancer with difficult tumor location.The visual labeling effect of nano-carbon can not only clearly show the location of the tumor and the approximate bilateral borders,but also can stain the regional lymph nodes to help clean the lymph nodes,which obviously helps to short-en the operation time and reduce the surgical trauma.With the comprehensive popularization of early cancer screening for digestive tract cancer in China,the early diagnosis and treatment rate of gastric cancer has been significantly improved.Therefore,more and more patients with early gastric cancer have undergone surgery,and the rapid development of laparoscopic surgery has gradually made laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.ObjectiveTo study the significance of the application of nano-carbon in the early radical laparoscopic radical gastrectomy,and further explore the feasibility and effect of lo-calization of sentinel lymph nodes by nano-carbon staining to assess the regional lymph node metastasis and guide the regional lymph node dissection.Material and Methods1.PatientsA retrospective analysis of 186 patients with early-stage distal gastric cancer(all laparoscopic distal gastric cancer D2 radical surgery)selected by the "Digestive Tract Early Screening Program" from January 2013 to October 2018 in our hospital.data.The inclusion criteria were:gastric cancer confirmed by electronic endoscopy and pathological diagnosis,and endoscopic examination showed that the cancer tissue was confined to the mucosa or submucosa(ie,early gastric cancer);the lesion was single,no distant metastasis(MO)or Combined with other tumors;EMR(endoscopic mucosal resection)or ESD(endoscopic submucosal resection)before surgery;exclu-sion of laparoscopic surgery such as perforation or obstruction;preoperative Thoracic and abdominal combined with enhanced CT scan to exclude distant metastases such as liver and lung bone;magnetic resonance scan around the tumor did not infiltrate surrounding tissues and organs;patients had no history of tumor,no major history of abdominal surgery and history of trauma;no adjuvant chemotherapy before or after surgery No major heart,lung,liver,kidney and other important organ dysfunction and other surgical contraindications;no anesthesia contraindications,ASA score ?-?.2.Carbon nanoparticles injectionAll the study groups were injected with 3-4 points on the gastric mucosa around the tumor by electronic gastroscope 24 hours before surgery.At the time of injection,attention should be paid to the sneak movement under the mucosa for about 5 mm and then slowly push,the dosage is about 0.15.-0.2 ml/point,in order to prevent extravasation of nanocarbon after needle extraction,a small amount of nano carbon tracer should be routinely pumped out before the needle is pulled out.3.Surgery and lymph node detectionThe operation of both groups was performed by the same surgical team skilled in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy(D2).All patients underwent 5-laparoscopic min-imally invasive surgery.Lymphatic dissection included:D1 lymph node dissection(including group 1,group 3,group 4sb,group 4d,group 5,group 6,group 7 lymph node dissection),plus group 8a Lymph node dissection in group 9,group 11p,and group 12a.During the operation,the black staining effect of regional lymph nodes in the study group was carefully observed under the microscope,and the total time spent on clearing the two lymph nodes in the study group and the control group was recorded.In the specimens of the study group,we will define the lymph nodes that are black-stained and the closest to the gastric tumor as the sentinel lymph node(SLN)and send them to the bag for examination.Then,the other groups of lymph nodes in the black stain are picked out and then detected and recorded.The number of groups and stations to which the lymph nodes belong,and finally the method of touching and touching with the naked eye,pick out the lymph nodes that are not black-stained but can be touched,and classify them according to the above method;the specimens of the control group directly adopt the method of touching the eyes with the naked eye.Check out all lymph nodes as much as possible.In order to improve the detec-tion rate of lymph nodes in this study,we also used continuous section and immuno-histochemistry on the basis of hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining to increase the detection of micro-lymph nodes as much as possible.Out rate.4.Main outcome measuresTo evaluate the significance of using nanocarbon preparations in terms of opera-tion time,intraoperative lymph node dissection efficiency,and number of postopera-tive lymph nodes,and to evaluate the success rate of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer by locating sentinel lymph nodes and biopsy in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery.Preliminary research on accuracy,sensitivity and specificity.Results1.In the study group,the nano-carbon lymphatic tracer had a good effect on the black-staining of lymph nodes in the peripheral area of gastric cancer,and the suc-cess rate reached 100%.At the same time,the surrounding omental tissue and adi-pose tissue do not appear black staining,which proves that nanocarbon does not hin-der the surgeon's resolution of the anatomical level and thus affect the surgical oper-ation.2.The total time of surgery in the study group was slightly faster than that of the control group,but the difference was not significant.3.The average number of lymph nodes detected in the study group was signif-icantly higher than that in the control group;the number of micro-lymph nodes(less than 5 mm in diameter)detected in the study group was also significantly higher than that in the control group of 778;the micro-lymph nodes(less than 5 mm in diameter)of the study group were detected.The rate was 60.9%,which was also significantly higher than that of the control group(43.29%).There was no significant difference between the study group's lymph node metastasis rate of 16.3%and the control group's lymph node metastasis rate of 15.69%.4.The sensitivity of nanocarbon preparation for early gastric cancer sentinel lymph node assessment of regional lymph node metastasis was 91.6%;specificity was 100%(83/83);accuracy was 98.9%(94/95);positive prediction accuracy Is:100%(11/11);negative prediction accuracy is:98.8%(83/84).ConclusionsThe use of nanocarbon preparations in the early radical laparoscopic radical gas-trectomy is not only helpful for the localization of early small tumors during laparo-scopic surgery,but also to guide the surgeon to ensure that the metastatic lymph nodes are thoroughly cleaned during surgery.Reduce the scope of cleaning to mini-mize unnecessary damage;in addition,it is feasible to determine whether regional lymph nodes are associated with cancer cell metastasis by excising the nanostained sentinel lymph node biopsy to have a good application prospect.Part ? Application of Carbon nanoparticles in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer and its clinical application researchBackgroundColorectal cancer(Colo-rectal cancer)is a cancer originating from the colon and rectum,also known as colorectal cancer.It is a very common type of cancer in China.Colon cancer and rectal cancer are also among the most common cancers in Western developed countries,and they are the second leading cause of cancer death.The in-cidence of colorectal cancer has increased significantly since the age of 40,reaching a peak at about 60-75 years old.With the continuous development of China's econo-my and society,as well as the changes in the natural environment and the gradual changes in eating habits,the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in China will continue to climb.From a genetic point of view,the main difference between colon cancer and rec-tal cancer is only the difference in anatomical location.From a pathological point of view,almost all colon and rectal cancers are adenocarcinomas,which generally oc-cur in the mucosa of the colon and rectum.Colorectal cancer usually begins with a bulge of the colon or rectal mucosa.The tumor continues to grow and gradually in-vades other layers of the intestinal wall.The nearby lymph nodes are also invaded.As the tumor progresses further,colorectal cancer usually occurs after regional lymph node metastasis.It is quickly transferred to the liver and becomes a late stage tumor with poor prognosis.Therefore,for patients with colorectal cancer,to get a better prognosis,early diagnosis and early treatment is the only feasible opportunity.A large number of studies have confirmed that early colorectal cancer rarely has distant metastasis and its regional lymph node metastasis rate is low.Therefore,for patients with early colorectal cancer(cTl phase),the general prognosis is good after radical surgery.In China,the 5-year survival rate of early colorectal cancer is over 90%,and the 5-year survival rate of patients with "intramucosal cancer" is more than 95%;on the contrary,for advanced colorectal cancer,despite preoperative assistance Radio-therapy and chemotherapy,standard radical surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and other series of standardized treatment,the treatment effect is still unsatisfactory,the 5-year survival rate is only 31%[3]At present,the main way to treat colorectal cancer is comprehensive treatment with radical surgical resection as the core.Whether it is open surgery or laparoscopic surgery,radical surgical resection is the primary condition for curing colorectal can-cer.Because the main mode of metastasis of colorectal cancer is lymphatic metasta-sis,especially advanced colorectal cancer,it is often accompanied by regional lymph node metastasis.Therefore,whether it is early colorectal cancer or advanced colorec-tal cancer,the thoroughness of lymphatic dissection is closely related to the quality of colorectal cancer surgery.However,if patients with early colorectal cancer routinely undergo extensive regional lymphadenectomy,it will not only increase the incidence of surgical trauma and postoperative complications,but also affect the quality of lifeafter surgery[4]It can be seen that whether an appropriate method can be selected to accurately determine the state of lymphatic metastasis is not only of great guiding significance for radical surgery,but also directly affects the prognosis of patients and the formula-tion of follow-up adjuvant treatment plans.However,unfortunately,there is still no accurate and reliable means for assessing the metastasis of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer.Our commonly used detection methods such as serum tumor markers,ultra-sound,CT,magnetic resonance and even PET-CT lack sensitivity and accuracy.In-traoperative determination of whether the lymph nodes are metastatic lymph nodes is also dependent on the subjective feelings and clinical experience of the surgeon,and the reference value is not very high.Therefore,how to accurately and quickly assess the regional lymph node metastasis,while ensuring the thorough cleaning of tumor cells and reducing unnecessary trauma and complications,has been a hot issue in clinical research.The sentinel lymph node(SLN)refers to the first station lymph node(which may be one or more)of lymphatic drainage of the primary tumor.It is also the loca-tion of lymphatic metastasis in patients with early(T1)colorectal cancer.In general,cancer cells of malignant tumors will be transferred in the lymphatic system accord-ing to the order of the first station,the second station,and the third station.The state of the jump transfer.Correctly judging the metastasis of sentinel lymph nodes,you can make a more accurate judgment on the regional lymphatic metastasis of malig-nant tumors.On the basis of thorough cleaning,it can also avoid unnecessary expan-sion of the risk of complications caused by cleaning.Therefore,how to accurately locate the sentinel lymph node(SLN)is a key part of the success of the operation.The nano-carbon lymphatic tracer clearly shows the path of lymphatic drainage,which makes lymphatic dissection of cancer surgery easier and more convenient.The accuracy of sentinel lymph node assessment in patients with T1 can be as high as 98.3%-100%,and the accuracy of sentinel lymph node assessment in patients with T2 suddenly drops to 52.4%-80%.Therefore,patients with cTl colorectal cancer are obviously more suitable for the application of nanocarbon.ObjectiveTo study the clinical significance of the application of nano-carbon lymphatic tracer in laparoscopic colorectal cancer(cTl stage)radical surgery,and further ex-plore the feasibility of using local carbon lymph staining to locate sentinel lymph nodes to assess regional lymph node metastasis and guide regional lymph node dis-section.effect.Material and Methods1.PatientsA total of 329 patients with early colorectal cancer(cTl)who underwent lapa-roscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer were enrolled in our hospital from January 2013 to October 2018.Inclusion criteria:colonoscopy and pathological di-agnosis confirmed colon and rectal cancer,and endoscopic ultrasonography showed that the cancer tissue is confined to the mucosa or submucosa(ie,T1 cancer);the le-sion is single,no distant Metastasis(MO)or combined with other tumors;EMR(en-doscopic mucosal resection)or ESD(endoscopic submucosal resection)before sur-gery;the lower edge of rectal cancer is greater than 5 cm from the anal margin;Per-foration or obstruction,etc.should not be performed laparoscopic surgery;tumor di-ameter within 8 cm;preoperative chest and abdomen combined with enhanced CT scan to exclude distant metastases such as liver and lung;tumor surrounding magnet-ic resonance scan did not infiltrate surrounding tissues and organs;patients No histo-ry of tumor,no major history of abdominal surgery and history of trauma;no adju-vant chemotherapy before surgery;no major organ dysfunction such as heart,lung,liver,kidney and other surgical contraindications;no anesthesia contraindications,ASA score ?-Level ?.2.Carbon nanoparticles injection:In the operation group,the injection tool made by the No.5 scalp needle was in-jected into the sub-serosal membrane of the tumor in 3-4 points.When the injection was performed,it should be sneaked in the subserosal layer for about 5 mm and then slowly injected.The dosage is about 0.15-0.2 ml/dot.In order to prevent extravasa-tion of nanocarbon after needle extraction,a small amount of nanocarbon tracershould be routinely pumped out before the needle is pulled out,and surgery is started immediately.3.Surgery and lymph node detectionSurgery in all patients was performed by the same surgical team skilled in lapa-roscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer.All patients were enrolled in the 5-hole laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery.All patients were strictly in accordance with the standard D3 radical surgery.The tumor and its surrounding tissues were com-pletely removed according to the principle of total mesenteric and total mesorectal excision.During the operation,the black staining effect of regional lymph nodes in the study group was carefully observed under the microscope,and the total time spent on clearing the lymph nodes of the three stations in the study group and the control group was recorded.After removal of the specimen,the lymph nodes were hand-cuffed in vitro(completed by the same senior physician attending the operation),and all lymph nodes with the naked eye plus the hand were obtained as much as possible.In the specimens of the research group,we defined the black-stained lymph nodes closest to the tumor as sentinel lymph nodes(SLN)and sent them to the bag for ex-amination.Then,the three-spotted lymph nodes were picked out in turn and then de-tected,and the stations to which the lymph nodes belong were recorded.Count and number,and finally use the method of naked eye plus touch,pick out the lymph nodes that are not black dyed but can be touched,and classify according to the above method;the specimens of the control group are directly examined by the naked eye plus the touch of the hand.All lymph nodes are out.In order to improve the total detection rate of lymph nodes and the detection rate of micro-lymph nodes,we also used continuous section plus immunohistochemistry based on the staining of hematoxylin and eosin(HE).4.Main outcome measuresTo evaluate the significance of using nanocarbon preparations in terms of opera-tion time,intraoperative lymph node dissection efficiency and number of postopera-tive lymph nodes,and to evaluate the success rate and accuracy of regional lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer by localization of sentinel lymph nodes and bi-opsy.Preliminary research on sensitivity and specificity.Results1.In the study group,the nano-carbon lymphatic tracer had a good black-staining effect on the lymph nodes in the colorectal cancer area,and the suc-cess rate reached 100%.At the same time,the surrounding omental tissue and adi-pose tissue did not black stain,which proved that the nanometer Carbon does not in-terfere with the surgeon's resolution of the anatomical level and thus affects the sur-gical procedure.2.The total surgery time of the study group was slightly faster than that of the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant.3.The number of lymph nodes detected by the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group;the number of micro-lymph nodes(less than 5 mm in diameter)in the study group was also significantly higher than that in the con-trol group;the detection rate of micro-lymph nodes(less than 5 mm in diameter)in the study group was 55.8%.Also significantly higher than the control group of 36.8%;the total number of lymph nodes detected in the study group was less than 12 patients in 2 cases(1.6%),significantly lower than the control group of 54 cases(32.1%).4.The sensitivity of nanocarbon preparation for early gastric cancer sentinel lymph node assessment of regional lymph node metastasis was 90.47%;specificity was:100%(140/140);accuracy was:98.75%(159/161);positive prediction accuracy It is:100%(19/19);the negative prediction accuracy is:98.59%(140/142).ConclusionsThe use of nanocarbon preparations in early laparoscopic(cTl)colorectal can-cer surgery not only helps to locate early small tumors during laparoscopic surgery,but also guides the surgeon in ensuring thorough removal of metastatic lymph nodes during surgery.On the top,try to reduce the scope of cleaning to minimize unneces-sary damage;in addition,it is feasible to evaluate whether regional lymph nodes are associated with cancer cell metastasis by removing the nanoshot stained localized sentinel lymph node biopsy,which has good application prospects.Part III Fluorouracil-loaded nanocarbon in laparoscopy Clinical study of lymphatic chemotherapy in radical gastrectomyBackgroundGastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the clinic and is the most common type of gastric malignant tumor.Gastric cancer ranks first in all kinds of malignant tumors in China,and the mortality rate also ranks first.From a prognostic point of view,the overall 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer is still low,at the level of 20%-30%.Whether it is early gastric cancer or advanced gastric cancer,lymph node metas-tasis is one of the most important indicators to determine the prognosis of patients.In the regional lymph nodes detected by advanced gastric cancer,the metastatic rate of pathological detection is as high as 70%or more;even in early gastric cancer,the rate of cancer metastasis in the detected lymph nodes is close to 20%.After radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer,the lymph node metastasis rate of intramucosal can-cer was 3.7%in early gastric cancer patients,and the lymph node metastasis rate of submucosal cancer was as high as 25.3%.The probability of lymph node metastasis in the early gastric cancer is limited to 2.3%-16.6%;and once the cancer cells infil-trate into the submucosa,the probability of lymph node metastasis will increase to 16.2%-46.8%.Therefore,clean and thorough regional lymph node dissection is an important prerequisite for successful surgery.The treatment of early gastric cancer suggests that the removal of 2/3 to 3/4 of the stomach plus D2 lymph node dissection is a safe and reasonable treatment,which can ensure the therapeutic effect and 5-year survival rate without significantly increasing complications.The probability.However,whether it is R0 resection of gastric cancer or D2 lymphatic dissection,in most cases,we can only remove the visible tumor and its metastases,which is very easy to miss for cancer cells that are unrecognizable to the naked eye.Therefore,the internationally recognized standard treatment of gastric cancer is a comprehensive treatment with radical surgery as the core and postoperative chemotherapy.However.considering the obvious toxicity of systemic intravenous chemotherapy,the choice of timing and method for chemotherapy by the majority of clinicians has also changed.Local sustained-release chemotherapy,interstitial chemotherapy,lymphatic targeted chemotherapy,and other methods have all been reported,and statistically significant results have been achieved,of which lymphatic targeted chemotherapy is particularly effective.5-fluorouracil has been widely recognized as a classic chemotherapy drug for gastrointestinal tumors,but it is undeniable that its systemic toxicity is still obvious.We sought to find a drug delivery system that delivered the fluorouracil injection to the desired site with a slow release.Through the research on nano-carbon suspension and some research data,we found that nano-carbon suspension is a suitable chemo-therapeutic drug sustained-release carrier,which can fulfill this idea.ObjectiveTo study the safety and efficacy of lymphotactic chemotherapy in the treatment of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy with 5-fluorouracil nanocarbon suspension;compare the difference between intraoperative lymphoid targeted chemotherapy combined with systemic intravenous chemotherapy and systemic intravenous chemo-therapy alone.1.PatientsA total of 68 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy(D2)were enrolled in our hospital from April 2015 to May 2016.All patients were randomly divided into two groups.In the study group,33 patients un-derwent lymphatic chemotherapy with sodium fluorouracil nanocarbon suspension during operation,and XELOX regimen(capecitabine + oxaliplatin)was performed 1 month after surgery.Chemotherapy.None of the 35 patients in the control group re-ceived intraoperative chemotherapy and did not use nanocarbon tracer.Chemothera-py was performed 1 week after XELOX(capecitabine + oxaliplatin).There were no significant differences in the general condition,pathological stage and tumor location between the two groups.2.Experimental methodsBefore use,mix the fluorouracil injection with nanocarbon injection and shake it for 10 minutes.It should be shaken for 10 minutes before each use to ensure that the fluorouracil is in full contact with the nanocarbon and evenly distributed.All the 33 patients in the study group were injected with 5-fluorouracil nanocarbon suspen-sion in the gastric mucosa around the tumor at 6 points by electronic gastroscope 24 hours before surgery.The injection should be treated with a 30 degree oblique angle.The submucosal sneak advances about 5mm and then withdraws without blood return,and then slowly pushes the injection,the dosage is about 0.25 ml/dot.In order to prevent extravasation of nanocarbon after needle extraction,a small amount of fluor-ouracil nanocarbon suspension should be routinely pumped out before the needle is pulled out.The entire injection time should be completed within 3 minutes.Surgery in both groups was performed by the same surgical team skilled in laparoscopic radi-cal gastrectomy(D2)surgery.3.Main outcome measuresThe difference between the operation time and the intraoperative blood loss was compared between the study group and the control group.The following indicators were changed in the study group 1 day before surgery and 1,3,5,and 7 days after surgery:peripheral blood white blood cell count(WBC),hemoglobin(HGB),platelet(PLT),total bilirubin(TBiL),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotrans-ferase(AST),creatinine(Cre),urea nitrogen(BUN);comparative study group and control group were removed after surgery Drainage tube time,recovery time of gas-trointestinal function,complications within two weeks after surgery(incision infec-tion,anastomotic bleeding,anastomotic leakage and other medical complications);1 st chemotherapy according to XELOX regimen 1 month after operation Peripheral blood white blood cell count(WBC),hemoglobin(HGB),platelet(PLT),total bili-rubin(TBiL),alanine aminotransferase(WBC),1 day before chemotherapy and 1 day after chemotherapy were compared between the study group and the control group.ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatinine(Cre),and urea nitrogen(BUN);follow-up comparison of tumor recurrence in the study group and control group,respectively,3 months,6 months,12 months,and 24 postoperative counts Monthly data.Results5-fluorouracil nanocarbon suspension for laparoscopic radical gastrectomy does not increase the operation time and intraoperative blood loss,although it may lead to prolonged recovery of gastrointestinal function,but does not increase postoperative complications The probability of occurrence.From the postoperative follow-up re-sults,the early recurrence rate within 2 years of the study group using lymphocyte chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil nanocarbon suspension was lower than that of the control group.ConclusionsApplication of fluorouracil nanocarbon suspension in the treatment of laparo-scopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer does not increase the operation time and intraoperative blood loss,which is safe from the perspective of surgical operation;through drug discovery,drug-loaded nanocarbon local chemotherapy The systemic toxicity was mild,and there was almost no difference in the comparison with the control group from the perspective of bone marrow transplantation and liver and kid-ney dysfunction.It was safe;from the follow-up results of 2 years after surgery,by adding fluorouracil nanocarbon suspension during operation The recurrence rate of the lymphatic chemotherapy study group was lower than that of the control group,which proved that drug-loaded nanocarbon chemotherapy was effective.Therefore,nanocarbon has broad application prospects in lymphatic chemotherapy for gastric cancer. |
PDF Full Text Request