| Objective and Significance of the studyWith the improvement of material living standard,people's demand for spiritual life is also constantly improving.However,at present,people pay more attention to the improvement and evaluation of material life,while there is a lack of objective measurement and evaluation methods for the quality of spiritual life(QOSL).The quality of spiritual life of college students has attracted much attention.But there are few empirical studies on the quality of college students' spiritual life or its related factors due to the lack of effective measurement tools.Therefore,this study intends to developed a quality of spiritual life scale for college students(QOSLS-CS)to quantitatively evaluate the level and characteristics of QOSL of Chinese college students,and investigate its related factors in depth,so as to provide reference and basis for exploring the improvement strategies of QOSL of Chinese college students,promote their physical and spiritual health as well as overall development.Methods1.Through the qualitative research of the open-ended survey,we obtain the evaluation index of the college students' QOSL,and form the item pool of QOSLS-CS by integrating the literature method,interview method,expert group discussion and other methods.The content validity of the scale was evaluated by expert evaluation method,and the items were deleted and modified to form the predictive version of the scale.2.A pretest was conducted on 1573 college students.Through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,the items were further screened and the scale structure was determined.After confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and validity analysis,the formal version of the scale was determined and the result interpretation standard was formulated.3.A series of questionnaires were used to investigate 8494 college students from 11 provinces in China,including the self-compiled general information questionnaire,Quality of spiritual life scale for college students(QOSLS-CS),WHOQOL-BREF-13,Satisfaction with life scale(SWLS),Meaningful Life Measure(MLM),Mental health Continuum Short Form(MHC-SF),The patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and physical activity rating scale-3(PARS-3).The demographic and sociological characteristics of the Chinese college students' QOSL and the relationship between QOSL and psychological and behavioral variables were analyzed,and explores the relationship between QOSL and psychological and behavioral variables.Single-factor and multi-factor analysis were used to preliminarily explore the related factors of college students'QOSL.Results1.Qualitative research shows spiritual life is important to meet spiritual andpsychological needs of college students,which can be reflected in a five-dimensional structure of Learning,Spiritual pursuit,Extracurricular practice,Interpersonal harmony and Leisure and entertainment,it can be subdivided into 13 sub-dimensions Besides,the results showed that a positive and good spiritual life is an important component of health.2.QOSLS-CS and its Psychometric performance:(1)QOSLS-CS has 32 items,including 2 fields and 10 factors.Among them,spiritual pursuit,spiritual belief,spiritual growth,spiritual optimism and life attitude belong to the field of implicit spiritual life.Learning and enterprising,reading for knowledge,leisure and practice,intimate relationship and interpersonal relationship belong to the field of explicit spiritual life.(2)Structural validity:Exploratory factor analysis showed that the Cumulative variance contribution of the 10 factors is 73.73%.Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the first and second order models fit well.All parameter values meet statistical requirements,?2/df<3,RMSEA<0.05,GFI,NFI,RFI and CFI were all greater than 0.9.The correlation between the 10 factors was between 0.399?0.713,and the correlation between the factors and the total scale was between 0.684?0.829,which means that the internal structure validity of the scale was good.(3)Criterion validity:The total score,implicit and explicit spiritual life of QOSLS-CS were highly correlated with the score of life satisfaction,sense of life meaning and well-being between 0.600?0.797,and the correlation between total score of scale and depression was-0.356.It has good criterion validity.(4)Reliability:The internal consistency reliability and split half reliability of the total scale were 0.950 and 0.907,respectively.The internal consistency reliability of the 10 dimensions ranged from 0.737 to 0.854,and the split half reliability ranged from 0.630 to 0.832.The test-retest reliability of 285 subjects after 2 weeks interval was 0.879,and the test-retest reliability of each dimension ranged from 0.707 to 0.841.the reliability indexes of the scale reached the ideal level.(5)The results of QOSLS-CS were interpreted by standard reference score of psychometric,and the original score was converted into a percentage system.The score below 50 points was classified as very low level,50-59.99 points as low level,60-69.99 points as medium level,70-79.99 points as high level,and more than 80 points as very high level.The standard of five levels is reasonable and has good empirical validity.3.Characteristics of Chinese college students' spiritual life performance:The total score of QOSLS-CS of Chinese college students was(66.22±13.67).The score of intimacy was the highest(74.88±18.28)and leisure practice was the lowest(59.33±18.60).The distribution of the QOSL levels of college students from very low to very high were respectively 10.9%,19.1%,29.4%,25.5%and 15.1%4.Demographic and sociological single factor and multi-factor analysis of Chinese college students' QOSL(1)In addition to grade,there are many demographic and sociological differences in the Chinese college students'QOSL.The eastern coastal areas,female students,undergraduates,liberal arts students,urban students,only child,Han nationality,have ideals and beliefs,have life motto,have respect or worship objects,love once and are in love with college students,as well as the family economic situation is good,father and mother's culture is good The overall quality of mental life of college students with higher level of education was better(P<0.01).(2)"With or without life motto" has the most extensive correlation with Chinese college students' spiritual life.In addition,factors such as "whether there are ideals and beliefs","family economic status","region" and other factors are more extensive Demographic sociological factors can explain 9.8%of the variation of Chinese college students' QOSL5.The relationship between college students' quality of spiritual life and psychological and behavioral factors.(1)Relationship with health and positive psychological factors.The correlation coefficients between the total score of college students' quality of spiritual life and the score of WHOQOL,meaning in life,life satisfaction and well-being were 0.647,0.650,0.433 and 0.622,respectively.(2)The relationship with negative psychological factors.?The correlation coefficient between the total score of QOSL and depression score of college students was-0.305.The total score of QOSL(69.93±12.76)of the student without depression were significantly higher than those with depression(61.13±13.23)and the scores of each dimension is too.The lower the quality of spiritual life was,the higher the positive rate of depression screening was(72%VS 59.4%VS 42.2%VS 29.3%VS 20.7%),the difference was statistically significant(?2=924.273,P<0.001)?The score of the QOSL with self injurious and suicidal ideation(61.62±14.13)was significantly lower than that of the non suicidal suicidal ideation(68.46±12.86)The lower the score of the QOSL,the higher the positive rate of suicide ideation screening(56.3%VS 43.7%VS 30.6%VS 25.0%VS 19.9%),the difference was statistically significant(?2=480.927,P<0.001).(3)The relationship with health-related behavioral factors.?The higher the frequency of exercise,the better the performance in the overall quality of spiritual life and all dimensions(P<0.001);The quality of spiritual life of those with moderate or high exercise was better than those with little exercise(P<0.001).College students with high quality of spiritual life were more likely to have moderate or large amount of exercise(?2=155.276,P<0.001).?College students with less Internet use time(0-3 hours)have higher score of total and dimensions QOSL.People who spent a lot of time on the Internet(8 hours or more)had poorer quality of spiritual life than others(P<0.001).(4)Psychological and behavioral factors have a greater impact on the quality of spiritual life of college students and its dimensions than demographic and sociological factors,which explains the variance of the overall quality of spiritual life of college students as high as 53.7%.Conclusion1.Chinese college students' spiritual life is unique,complex and multi-dimensional.Good quality of spiritual life is an important element of health.2.The quality of spiritual Life scale for college students(QOSLS-CS)has good psychometric performance and application value.3.The overall quality of spiritual life of Chinese college students showed a negative skew distribution,and 40.6%of them were in a better level.College students have higher spiritual satisfaction in intimate relationship,life attitude and spiritual pursuit,but lower in learning enterprising and leisure and practice activities.4.Chinese college students' spiritual life are under the influence of the variety of population sociology,the student with the eastern region,the girl,undergraduate students,the school of arts living and/or medical students,the urban students,the only-child,the han nationality,has the ideal faith,life motto,admired or worship object,love once,and are fall in love of college students,family economic condition better,the higher of the father and mother's cultural level have the higher quality of spiritual life.On the whole,the influence of demographic and sociological factors on the quality of Chinese college students' spiritual life is low.5.QOSL of the college students is closely related to their physical and mental health.College students with high spiritual quality of life have higher overall quality of life and better performance in physical,psychological and social fields.They have a higher sense of meaning in life,happiness,and life satisfaction;Less depression,lower positive rates of depressive disorders;Less suicidal ideation;More physical activity;Less Internet use.Health-related psychological and behavioral variables have a high impact on the quality of spiritual life of college students. |
PDF Full Text Request