| Purpose:The aim is to explore the relevant factors that affect the success or failure of smoking cessation and the correlation between key factors and traditional Chinese medicine syndromes.The aim is also to analyze the feasibility and application value of key factors as the prediction of tobacco dependence degree.This study enriches the relevant theory of tobacco dependence in traditional Chinese medicine.The aim of animal experiment is to reveal the mechanism of the intervention of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch on tobacco dependence.Material and method:Clinical research1 Study on the smoking behavior and the influencing factors of success or failure of smoking cessation in smokersThis study conducted a cross-sectional study by means of questionnaires.The subjects of this study were smokers who had voluntarily quit smoking.Chi square test was used for comparison of the counting data between groups.T test was used for comparison of measurement data between groups.Pearson correlation analysis examined the correlation between the two variables.Logistic regression model analyzed the advantages and investigated the contribution of factors.Data mining of association rules were used in this study,which based on Apriori algorithm.The way was to explore smoking behavior and the influencing factors of success or failure of smoking cessation in successful quitters and unsuccessful quitters.Physiological factors were obtained through the scores of the Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence,psychological factors were obtained through the scores of the Short Form(nine-items)Smoking Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale,and social factors were obtained through the scores of the Social Support Rating Scale.The differences were found by comparing the scores of Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence,Short Form(nine-items)Smoking Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.This study preliminarily revealed the influence of physiological,psychological andsocial factors on the success or failure of quitting smoking.And this study explored the key measures that may improve the rate of smoking cessation.2 Study on the correlation of different syndromes with anxiety and depression in tobacco dependence populationThis study conducted a cross-sectional study by means of questionnaires.The tobacco dependence population with anxiety and depression symptoms were selected as the research subjects.The study object was one of the seven types of the syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine:liver stagnation and qi stagnation syndrome,syndrome of lung injury caused by dryness and toxin,lung yin deficiency syndrome,lung qi and spleen qi deficiency syndrome,lung and kidney deficiency syndrome,qi stagnation and fire syndrome,phlegm and blood stasis syndrome.Chi square test was used for comparison of the counting data among groups.One way ANOVA was used for comparison of the measurement data.Pearson correlation analysis examined the correlation between the two variables.The difference was measured by comparing the scores of Anxiety Self Rating Scale,Depression Self Rating Scale and Smoking Urges Scale.The Anxiety Self Rating Scale,Depression Self Rating Scale and Smoking Urges Scale were used to evaluate the incidence rate and degree of anxiety and depression in different tobacco dependence population.The aim was to find out the risk factors of anxiety and depression.The aim was also to explore the correlation between anxiety,depression and smoking urges.3 Study on the correlation between the degree of anxiety with depression and the degree of tobacco dependence in tobacco dependence population(phlegm and blood stasis syndrome)In this study,clinical data were obtained by questionnaire.The subjects of this study were tobacco dependence people who had diagnosed as phlegm and blood stasis syndrome accompanying anxiety with depression.One way ANOVA was used for comparison of the measurement data.Pearson correlation analysis examined the correlation between the two variables.The scores of Anxiety Self Rating Scale,Depression Self Rating Scale and Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence were analyzed.It could evaluate the correlation between the degree of anxiety,depression and the degree of tobacco dependence in tobacco dependence population(phlegm and blood stasis syndrome).4 New strategy to prevent and treat tobacco dependence based on the theory of phlegm and blood stasisThe cognition and treatment of tobacco dependence of ancient doctors of traditional Chinese medicine were limited.Traditional Chinese medicine therapy could alleviate the withdrawal symptoms and reduce the amount of smoking for a while.But its high relapse rate suggested the importance and necessity of theoretical innovation of the etiology and pathogenesis of tobacco dependence in traditional Chinese medicine.According to the previous research findings of the research group and some findings of the previous research in this study,this part would further focus on the tobacco dependence population(phlegm and blood stasis syndrome).This study was to improve the relevant theoretical discussion and explore the key measures that may improve the rate of quitting smoking.Experimental study1 Study on the behavioral effects of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch on nicotine dependence ratsAfter behavioral screening,240 rats were randomly selected and divided into 6 groups,40 rats in each group,which were divided into control group,model group,low-dose group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch,middle-dose group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch,high-dose group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch and nicotinell patch treatment group.Four behavioral tests were conducted at different time points(0d,7d,14 d,21d)of the treatment,which included Open field test,Elevated plus-maze test,Forced swim test and Sucrose preference test.By comparing the differences of various behavioral test indexes,this study explored the regulation of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch on the anxiety and depression behaviors in nicotine dependence rats.2 Study on the regulatory effect of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch on neurotransmitter and nicotine metabolism in nicotine dependence ratsOn the basis of experiment one,the regulation of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch on the neurotransmitter dopamine,5-hydroxytryptamine and nicotine metabolite cotinine in nicotine dependence rats were detected.This study compared the neurotrasmitter contents of dopamine in rats brain and the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamineand nicotine metabolite cotinine in serum.The aim of this study was to explore the regulation effect of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch in neurotrasmitter contents of dopamine in rats brain and the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine and nicotine metabolite cotinine in serum.3 Study on the mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch in inhibiting mental dependence by regulating reward pathway in nicotine dependence ratsOn the basis of experiment one and experiment two,the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits ?4,?2,?7 and tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain of each group were detected.The study compared the expression of ?4,?2,?7 of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and tyrosine hydroxylase in rat brain.The aim of this study was to preliminary investigate the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch regulation to the mental dependence of the reward pathway in nicotine dependence rats.Results:Clinical research1 Study on the smoking behavior and the influencing factors of success or failure of smoking cessation in smokersIn this study,a total of 500 questionnaires were sent out and 468 effective questionnaires were recovered,including 196 successful quitters(175 males and 21 females),272 unsuccessful quitters(249 males and 23 females).Smoking cessation behavior analysis found that smokers were aware of smoking harmful to their health,which was the main reason for them to quit smoking.The presence of withdrawal symptoms was the primary cause of relapse.The greater the amount of smoking,the less likely it was to quit smoking successfully.The older the smoking,the less likely it was to quit smoking successfully.The higher the smoking index,the less likely it was to quit smoking successfully.The more frequency of smokers try to quit smoking,the more likely they succeed.Smokers' cognition of tobacco harm was universal,but their cognition of psychological intervention was very limited.In the action of quitting smoking,sociology should pay attention to the status of medical workers.Sociology should give full play to the positive role of medical workers in persuading smokers to quit smoking in order to improve the occurrence of smokingcessation.Smokers were more looking forward to traditional Chinese medicine therapy,especially external treatment to help them quit smoking.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of the Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence and Short Form(nine-items)Smoking Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale between the smoking cessation failure group and the smoking cessation success group.There was no statistically significant difference in the Social Support Rating Scale between the smoking cessation failure group and the smoking cessation success group.The influence of standardized weight order on the success or failure of smoking cessation was physiological factor,psychological factor and social factor.2 Study on the correlation of different syndromes with anxiety and depression in tobacco dependence population427 tobacco dependence population were included in this study,including 398 males and29 females.The incidence rate of anxiety and depression in tobacco dependence population with different syndromes were different.The incidence of anxiety and depression degree in different syndromes of tobacco dependence were different.There was statistical significance between the two aspects.Phlegm and blood stasis syndrome,liver stagnation and qi stagnation syndrome,and qi stagnation and fire syndrome were more likely to be accompanied by anxiety and depression.The degree of anxiety and depression was higher in phlegm and blood stasis syndrome,liver stagnation and qi stagnation syndrome,and qi stagnation and fire syndrome.There was a positive correlation between anxiety with depression and smoking urges.The more severe the smoking urges,the more severe the anxiety and depression degree.3 Study on the correlation between the degree of anxiety with depression and the degree of tobacco dependence in tobacco dependence population(phlegm and blood stasis syndrome)In this study,a total of 300 questionnaires were sent out and 253 valid questionnaires were recovered.Among the subjects,241 were males and 12 were females.People who were dependent on tobacco(phlegm and blood stasis syndrome)with anxiety and depression generally smoke more and smoke for a long time.This was also the root cause of phlegm and blood stasis syndrome,in line with the characteristics of chronic diseases.There was a positive correlation between the degree of anxiety with depression and tobacco dependence in tobaccodependence people(phlegm and blood stasis syndrome).The more tobacco dependence,the more anxiety and depression.4 New strategy to prevent and treat tobacco dependence based on the theory of phlegm and blood stasisAs the basic pathogenesis of chronic diseases,phlegm and blood stasis have become a consensus.The duration of phlegm and blood stasis syndrome in the tobacco dependence population is longer than that of other syndromes.The relapse rate of phlegm and blood stasis syndrome in tobacco dependence population is higher than that of other syndromes.It is more difficult to quit smoking than other syndromes in tobacco dependence population.Phlegm is the main pathological factor of addiction.The smoke poison disturbs the moisture in the body,causing endogenesis of phlegm.If it is not inhaled again after the time limit,the phlegm will be blocked and various addictions will be induced.Phlegm is the pathological product of body fluid.Blood stasis is a pathological manifestation caused by poor blood circulation.Phlegm and blood stasis are more difficult to be solved,and lingering repeatedly.This is similar to smoking addiction and relapse.At the same time,it caters to the traditional Chinese medicine theory that “strange diseases are mostly caused by phlegm,and stubborn diseases must be accompanied by phlegm and blood stasis”.After using tobacco,it can make people "clear and vigorous" for a while,thus producing dependence.The main inducement of relapse was continuous smoke stimulation and emotional factors.Smoke poison is invisible and can diffuse all over the body.The smoke poison is transmitted to the relevant viscera along the meridians,and affects the viscera.Traditional Chinese medicine stresses the balance of Yin and Yang,which leads to the disharmony of viscera function and the unbalance of Qi,blood,Yin and Yang.Clinical treatment of tobacco dependence with the method of removing blood stasis and removing phlegm is effective.On this basis,the tutor put forward the theories of “phlegm and blood stasis”,“body and mind treating together”,“fragrance relieving depression”,etc.Tutor based on Phlegm and blood stasis to create the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch.Tutor advocated that the treatment of tobacco dependence should follow the treatment principle of “Don't forget to cure the spirit when healing the body,and don't forget to cure the body when adjusting the spirit”.This studyconstructs a new concept for the prevention and treatment of tobacco dependence by traditional Chinese Medicine.Experimental study1 Study on the behavioral effects of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch on nicotine dependence ratsThere was statistical significance in the total distance difference of open field test between the control group and the treatment group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch.There was statistical significance in the percentage of times of entering and staying in the elevated plus-maze test between the control group and the treatment group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch.There was statistical significance in the frequency percentage of swimming stillness in forced swim test between the control group and the treatment group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch.There was statistical significance in the sugar water preference percentage in sucrose preference test between the control group and the treatment group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can reduce the total distance of open field test in rats to a certain extent.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can increase the percentage of times of entering and staying in the arm of rats.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can decrease the percentage of swimming rest frequency of rats.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can increase the sugar water preference percentage of rats.2 Study on the regulatory effect of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch on neurotransmitter and nicotine metabolism in nicotine dependence ratsThere was statistical significance in the dopamine content in brain area of rats between the control group and the treatment group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch.There was statistical significance in the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine in serum between the control group and the treatment group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch.There was statistical significance in the the content of cotinine in serum between the control group and the treatment group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessationbabu patch can reduce the increased dopamine content in reward nerve circuit of rats.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can reduce the content of5-hydroxytryptamine in serum.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can reduce the content of cotinine in serum.3 Study on the mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch in inhibiting mental dependence by regulating reward pathway in nicotine dependence ratsThere was statistical significance in the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits ?4,?2,?7 in the brain of rats between the control group and the treatment group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch.There was statistical significance in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain of rats between the control group and the treatment group of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can reduce the increased expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits ?4,?2,?7.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can reduce the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain of rats.Conclusion:1.Smokers are aware that smoking is harmful to their health,which is the main reason for them to quit smoking.The more frequency of smokers try to quit smoking,the more likely they are to succeed.Abstinence symptoms are the primary cause of relapse.Smokers are more willing to accept traditional Chinese medicine to help them quit smoking,especially the external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.Gradually reducing the amount of smoking can be regarded as the transition state of smoking cessation successfully,which plays a positive role in smoking cessation finally.It is suggested that those who are more difficult to smoking cessation can quit smoking by gradually reducing the amount of smoking properly.Compared with the positive situation and the habitual situation,smoking abstinence self-efficacy of smokers in the negative situation is lower,and the negative situation is more likely to induce smokers to smoke,especially in the case of anxiety and depression.Physiological factors,psychological factors and social factors have a certain degree of influence on the success or failure of smoking cessation.Physiological andpsychological factors are the main factors influencing the success or failure of smoking cessation,followed by social factors.Specifically speaking,the degree of tobacco dependence,anxiety,depression and other negative emotions are the key factors that affect the success or failure of smoking cessation.Therefore,in the intervention of smoking cessation,priority intervention of key nodes can improve the quitting rate of the target population.There are physiological factors and psychological factors.2.Qi stagnation and phlegm stasis in tobacco dependence people are risk factors associated with anxiety and depression.There is a positive correlation between anxiety,depression and smoking urges.The degree of anxiety and depression can be used to predict the degree of smoking urges.The degree of anxiety and depression can judge the degree of smoking addiction.3.The scores of anxiety and depression in severe tobacco dependence population(phlegm and blood stasis syndrome)were higher than those in mild and moderate tobacco dependence(phlegm and blood stasis syndrome)population.Severe tobacco dependence population(phlegm and blood stasis syndrome)are more likely to have negative emotions.The treatment of anxiety and depression in tobacco dependence population(phlegm and blood stasis syndrome)may be the key target to improve the rate of smoking cessation.4.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can improve the anxiety and depression behavior of nicotine dependence rats.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can inhibit the mental dependence by regulating the dopamine content.The traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch can inhibit the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain.In this study,it is found that there is a dose-response relationship of the traditional Chinese medicine smoking cessation babu patch in the intervention of tobacco dependence. |
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