The Research On The Medical Problems In Song Dynasty From The Perspective Of Law

Under the top-down promotion of the rulers of the Song Dynasty,the law and system of medicine were fully developed.Under the legislative regulation,a complete system covering the fields of doctors,hospitals and drug management had been formed.The sick had their doctors,the doctor had its responsibility,and the pharmaceutical had its regulations.The benign medical order was an important reason to ensure the overall stability of the doctor-patient relationship during the Song Dynasty.On the whole,this paper systematically and comprehensively studies the overall structure of medical management order through legislative means in the Song Dynasty,which is different from the previous research methods of special topic or individual case.Doctors,patients,hospitals,pharmacists and pharmacies followed their own regulations and operated in an orderly manner in the medical law system of the Song Dynasty.This paper changes the previous approach of interpreting the medical problems in Song Dynasty from the perspective of history,social history or medical history.It finds a new way to observe and analyze the positive benefits and limited value of the medical legal system in Song Dynasty from the perspective of law and economics.In the Song Dynasty,the access system from the central government to the local government was established by the law and specific systems were set up for the selection,examination and duties of government doctors.For the government doctors,the legal control within the government system was not only the guarantee of the legitimacy of the government doctors,but also the confirmation of their identity and status.The government established the management and control of the medical staff which was out of authorized size of a government body by law,emphasized their duties and work process and established the management model for the officials whose treatment was based on the civil servants.The government established the legitimacy of folk doctors,women doctors and buddhist doctors,confirmed the recognition and employment of outstanding medical practitioners,thus playing a guiding role in the formation of folk medical ethos by law.Under the control of law,the Song Dynasty doctors performed their respective duties and responsibilities,forming a relatively stable medical order.Under the guidance of the laws of Song Dynasty,the folk people formed the ethos toward medicine and the public belief in doctors,promoted the formation of the unique doctorpatient relationship.However,under the control of this legal system,it was inevitable that the public welfare attributes and market attributes of government doctors were diluted or even eliminated.The law and policy of entering the official position as a doctor had played a leading role in the mainstream trend of the society towards medicine,but it had inevitably become an opportunity for some people to get into the business of speculation.The instability and incoherence of law and policy make it impossible to end the cases of witch doctors who have taken people's lives and money.The Song Dynasty set up a top-down system of medical institutions,including medical management institutions and medical education institutions.There were both general hospitals and specialized hospitals.There were both palace hospitals and general civilian hospitals.There were both local hospitals and specialized military hospitals.In addition,it set up the first official drug bureau in the history.The construction of medical system reflected the government's official dominant pattern in the Song Dynasty.Under the premise of national credit endorsement,the medical system had the basic conditions for efficient medical treatment.However,it was undeniable that there was a phenomenon of overcorrection in the medical institutions during the implementation of the system.Due to lack of integrity,continuity of the necessary design for regulations,it had affected the scale of the development of medical institutions and their overall patterns.The Song Dynasty controlled the market of medicinal materials,started from the market access mechanism,regulated the tax system of medicinal materials,intervened in the foreign trade of medicinal materials and cracked down on the flood of false medicinal materials.The establishment of the state's leading management of the medicinal materials market had promoted the overall improvement of drug quality.However,it was undeniable that there were some problems in the implementation of the pharmaceutical legal system,so that drug smuggling and drug counterfeiting were not banned in the Song Dynasty.On the whole,under the adjustment of medical laws,the medical field of the Song Dynasty showed the characteristics which were advocating medicine,responsible government,social welfare and rational government.In the Song Dynasty,medicine was highly recognized by the state,and also gained the favorable support of medical laws,so it developed vigorously.