The Conjunction Research Of Tiantai And Jodo Buddhism In Song Dynasty

In Song Dynasty,the conjunction of Tiantai and Jodo Buddhism wan a major event in the history of the Tiantai sect.The confluence of these two sets included six stages,namely bedding,Faren,turning,orgasm,quiet and the Renaissance period.In the different historical periods,the relationship between Tiantai and Jodo Buddhism also undergone a subtle change.The monks of Tiantai Buddhism’s advocated the assimilation between Tiantai and Jodo Buddhism,and eventually formed the mode of jiao gui Tiantai and xing gui Jodo(教归天台行归净土).Although Tiantai and Jodo belonged to different sects,hold different values,however,as an integral part of the Dharma,they were outflews from the sea Buddha felt compassion,which were the foundation of their integration.The first chapter mainly study the confluence of history and the similarities and differences of the two cases.In Song Dynasty,Zunshi(遵式),Zhili(知礼)and Zhiyuan(智圆)theoretically made arguments for the conjunction of Tiantai and Jodo Buddhism,while they are the main object of study in the second chapter.Zunshi enriched the practice of repentance and Zhili theoretically indicated the direction of the conjunction.At the same time,Zhiyuan also promoted the syncretism between Tiantai and Jodo Buddhism.Based on the position of Tiantai,Zunshi,Zhili and Zhiyuan insisted assimilated Jodo Buddhism.The third charpter focuses on the Jodo theory of si ming san jia(四明三家)and relates several figures as a case study.Zhili’s concept was inherited by Shangxian(尚贤),Benru(本如)and Fanzhen(梵 臻).Shangxian,Benru and Fanzhen’s disciples thrilled the Jodo Buddhism.Although Shangxian and his people could succeed Zhili’s theory,they could’nt well keep on it.Just like Shangxian,Benru and his disciples were interested in their master’s principium,the principium that they liked was a part of the whole one.The monks in Fanzhen system were keen on Chan and most of them affected by Chan.As members of si ming san jia,Youyan(有严),Daochen(道深),Zeying(择瑛)and Yuxian(与咸)respected Jodo,at the same time,they could ahere the doctrine of Tiantai.For Zongxiao(宗晓)and Zhipan(志磐),the conjunction of Tiantai and Jodo reached climax.They wrote several books about Jodo.Zongxiao maintained li shi yi ru(理事一如)and kong you bu er(空有不二),while Zhipan declared ben ji xiang rong(本迹相融)and tai jing bu er(台净不二).Zongxiao and Zhipan proposed the fusion of the Tian and Jodo under the premise of stick to the theory of xing ju wei xin(性具唯心论),but the Buddha Dharma already substituted Tiantai’s zhi guan xing men(止观行门).At last,the setup of jiao gui Tiantai and xing gui Jodo foremed.The Jodo theory of Zongxiao and Zhipan’s is the main object of study in the charpter four.Lay Buddhism and association Buddha are the research focus in the charpter five.Chao shuozhi(晃说之)and Chen yingzhong(陈莹中)initiated the conjunction based on the Tiantai Buddhism.Chao shuozhi claimed that Jodo was shi you(是有),while Chen yingzhong proposed xing ju wei xin jing tu(性具唯心净土).As for the association Buddha,the Buddha activity that laymen and monks jointly participated was very popular.There were mang monks of Tiantai Buddhism took part in it such as Zunshi,Zhili,Shengchang,Congyi and so on.The conjunctiong of Tiantai and Jodo Buddhism in Song Dynasty had its roots and in the sixth charpter,we’ll investigate the problem from the aspect of the Buddhism policy of the Song Dynasty,the Buddhist ideas of literati and the relationship between several sects.Firstly,the emperors in Song Dynasty follew the role of "bu shi qi da sheng"(“不使其大盛”)and extently facilitated the development of Buddhism.Secongly,song chu san xian sheng(宋初三先生)and bei song wu zi(北宋五子)fiercely criticized Buddhism.While the other dignitaries such as Yangyi(杨亿),Yangjie(杨杰),Chaojiong(晃迥),Fubi(富弼),Sushi(苏轼),Chenguan(陈灌)ect.protected it.Thirdly,Tiantai contended with Chan and Huayan.Fof success,Tiantai allied Jodo and Lvzong in order to enhance itself.Fourth,Tiantai had several unfavorable factors which asked Tiantai to change from the internal reform.Fifth,with the contimue development of modernsociety,Buddhism wan on the road of secularization and socialization and with the change of Buddhism,Tiantai had to make appropriate adjustment.In short,in the Song Dynasty,the conjunction of Tiantai and Jodo Buddhism wan inevitable.At the same time,to corresponed to the inevitability,the Tiantai monks chose the confluence of Jodo Buddhism.