| Female script,popular among women in Jiangyong County of Yongzhou City in Hunan Province and its nearby places,is the product of human civilization as well as reflection of human culture diversity.In order to protect and inherit the endangered character,female script,domestic and overseas scholars have made researches on female script with endeavor since 1983 when female script was discovered,so its academic value becomes increasingly outstanding.Continuous deepening and advancement of female script study depend on collection and summarization of primitive female script literatures.Based on "good editions" of female script literatures and accurate translations and annotations of these literatures,the study on female script is able to move toward the scientific and in-depth direction.Puzzle of "Female Script" in Jiangyong(Puzzle for short)and Compilations of Chinese Female Script(Compilations for short)are the most comprehensive document literature sets that remain original appearance of the literatures.If the collected literatures of female script are classified according to writers of the literatures,they cover female script literatures written by the "female script descendant" Gao Yinxian,Yi Nianhua and Yang Huanyi as well as anonymous literatures.Gao Yinxian is an old woman who was the most familiar with female script and grasped the most female scripts among local women when the academic circle discovered female script.This paper makes a comparison study on two female script literatures(Gao's female script literatures)written by the"female script descendant" Gao Yinxian who was the most familiar with female script.Transcripts with the same contents are selected,56 articles in total.Systematic collation is conducted for original texts and translations of these transcripts by way of comparison collation,original collation,collation by others,and theoretical collation.It tries to found out mistakes,deviations,superfluous parts,and reverse parts in the original texts,and the reasons of causing errors are analyzed.Meanwhile,this paper strives to correct the inaccurate parts in the translation and unify transcript translations with the same contents as far as possible;the reasons of causing errors are analyzed.In systematic collation,it is found that the part with the same female script but different translations often involves special wording of female script.These words cannot be seen in common Chinese,so the language and vocabulary characteristics of female script must be retained as far as possible,such as dialect vocabulary,national language and ancient word.Enough attention should be paid to these special vocabularies.In systematic collation,we can also find situations where the same transcript involves parts that have the same pronunciation and literal meaning but different character patterns.Such situation is common in female script literatures.This paper lists and classifies these homophones and synonyms,trying to find out the rules and analyze the causes.In systematic collation,it is discovered that female script not only covers many homophones and synonyms but also has not a few heteronymic characters.Wrong selection of pronunciation and meaning in this part is one of the reasons for translation mistake.Therefore,re-reflection on the syllabic nature of female script is aroused.This paper discusses the relation among form,pronunciation and meaning of female script in relevant literatures,and considers that bottom note should be added for the fact that "the female script nature is syllabic language".In another word,it is an immature and non-typical syllabic language.Meanwhile,its formation cause is explored.This paper can be divided into four chapters.Chapter 1 is overview about female script literatures.This chapter introduces the basic information of female script literatures and the historical background about its generation and development.It considers that female script literatures appeared due to the oppression of feudalism on women,and development of female script literatures could not do without local traditional female script activities.Female script literature was able to appear and develop only in the special cultural and geographical environment of Jiangyong.Later,main contents of female script literatures are illustrated.Finally,an introduction is given to the "female script descendant" Gao Yinxian and Gao's female script literatures.Chapter 2 involves collation for Gao's female script literatures.This chapter conducts systematic collation for the original texts and translations of Gao's female script literatures in Puzzle and Compilations.Firstly,Gao's transcripts with the same contents in Puzzle and Compilations are selected,56 articles in total.Secondly,a comparison is made between the original texts and translations of the 56 articles,so as to find out the differences between original texts and translations,analyze different reasons,and conduct collation.Chapter 3 summarizes the different parts between original texts and translations in collation of the previous chapter(including parts whole accuracy needs not be determined)and analyzes the reasons for mistakes.Besides,analysis is made for homophones and synonyms in the same position of transcripts with the same contents,and meanwhile special vocabularies are discussed.Firstly,different situations in the original texts of Gao's transcripts with the same contents are summarized and classified,and the reasons for the errors are analyzed.Secondly,different situations in the translations of Gao's transcripts with the same contents are summarized and classified,the reasons for the errors are divided into four types,and the formation reasons are analyzed.Thirdly,homophones and synonyms in translations of these transcripts are listed,summarized and classified,and the relation between structure and form of each group of homophones and synonyms is analyzed.Finally,special vocabularies that should be valued in translations and annotations of female script literatures are analyzed and discussed,such as ancient word and meaning in female script,homograph phenomenon in female script and modern Chinese language,and phrases with special composite structure in female script literatures.These vocabularies are unique linguistic phenomena in female script,and enough attention should be paid to them.Chapter 4 analyzes the form,pronunciation and meaning of female script in literatures by setting texts of female script literatures as the language materials.It considers that bottom note should be added to the fact that "female script is syllabic language".In another word,it is an immature and non-typical syllabic language.Meanwhile,its formation cause is explored.Firstly,structural system characteristics of female script are analyzed,and female script is divided into single character and mixed character.Secondly,a comparison study is made for the relation among form,pronunciation and meaning of female script.Forms,pronunciations and meanings of female scripts with different structural systems are compared,analysis is made for homophones in female script as well as the relation between the pronunciation and meaning of phonetic components,and comparative analysis is conducted for the relation between the pronunciation and meaning of heteronymic characters in female script.According to the above analysis results,female script is quite an immature syllabic language.Finally,the cause for the non-typical syllabic language,female script is discussed.It believes that the immaturity and atypism of female script should attribute to the fact that female script is transformed from ideographic writing to phonetic script.Before the borrowed word from regular script of Chinese character in female script was formed,some ideographic writing symbols containing ancient information had already precipitated at the corner of Jiangyong County and its nearby places in a certain form(such as fabric and brocade).When women in Jiangyong were in urgent need of a tool to convey thoughts and feelings under the great pressure of feudal rule,they added a large amount of borrowed words from regular script of Chinese character on the basis of these ancient letter symbols,thus modern female script system was formed.In the development and evolution process from ideographic ancient "female script" to phonetic modern female script,no artificial standard has been proposed for usage and spreading of female script and it just develops naturally.In addition,colloquial expressions and dialects in the local place are complicated,which has resulted in complexity of form,pronunciation and meaning of modern female script.Therefore,it is an immature and non-typical syllabic language. |
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