| This paper starts the topic by taking Lu Xun's lifelong interest in Natural History as the core and is roughly designed to sort out the following three questions.First,which aspects does Lu Xun's lifelong interest in Natural History reflect in.Second,why does he love Natural History so much.Third,what effect does the vision of Natural history make on his literature,thoughts and personality.The introduction is divided into three parts:the first part explains the basis of the topic selection of the paper and the definition of Natural History.The second part briefly introduces both domestic and oversea research productions associated with this theme.The third part states the general idea of the paper.Chapter I first describes the natural environment in Lu Xun's childhood and his fondness of flowers and trees since childhood as well as his raising flowers and trees and studies on plants in the adulthood,according to memories of Lu Xun,Zhou Zuoren,Zhou Jianren,et al.And then this chapter teases out Lu Xun's lifetime course of Natural History from the following three pespectives--Chinese traditional books of Natural History,modern books of Natural History,and Natural History in the fine arts.Chapter 2 discusses the reason that Lu Xun is fond of Natural History in three sections.The first section starts the discussion by taking the following specific problem as the starting point:Since the time he studied in Nanjing Mine Road School until after his studying in Japan,Lu Xun touched upon a lot of western research methods and achivements of natural science.However,why does he spent much time in compiling Chinese traditional natural history books as references for his studies on plants after his returning China?If we read in detail his early papers Teaching of History of Science and Refuting Malevolent Voices,we'd find out that compared with specific scientific knowledge,Lu Xun focused more on cerebrations of nourishing sciences(and all human civilizations like music,art,literature and so on).Cerebration is not unfounded.It is the product of telepathy of human beings and the universe.And for exactly that reason,Lu Xun particularly valued the root of ancient Chinese culture of commonly worshiping everything.In the view of Lu Xun,only those who have not lost their roots and kept the most original pure hearts with telepathy with all things on the earth have abundant imaginations and creativities.Therefore,the reason why Lu Xun compiled plenty of Chinese traditional natural history books was that he wanted to seek for and experience the pure heart and cerebration that he most valued from the root of Chinese culture.The second section reviews the early papers of Lu Xun,and discusses that his fondness of using ancient words and meanings in translations is not actually opposed with his later advocacy of vernacular Chinese in the May 4th period,but in a dialectical relation of conversion with the latter.Similarly,his ardently love of such heresy thought resource as Natural History also entailed his rebellion against the traditional scholar-bureaucrat mainstream culture and the emphasis on the pure heart which was less polluted by actual benefits.Following that,this section explores what efforts Lu Xun made to care for the pure heart that he valued with the emphasis on how he tried to make Natural History communicate with literature.The third section obtains the following finding through analysis of works favored by Lu Xun,that is,for Lu Xun an important judging standard in both Natural History in ancient books and Natural History in fine arts is whether there is personal practical experience as the support behind those things.His own practice of Natural History also has his personal experience involved.Both hypocritical people's unrealistic mouth high-sounding words and giving comments following the trend AND heroes'false illusion of raising their arms to gain numerous respondents are what Lu Xun would abandon.What he wishes to do is to look for practical and broad experience from low and wide aspects,while Natural History associated with customs,habits and daily livings is just a reliable way to such experience.Chapter 3 studies that what influence the vision of Natural History makes on Lu Xun's literature,thoughts and personality,or put it in another way,what mutual corroboration exists between the core spirit and thinking way contained in Natural History and Lu Xun himself.The first part of the first section discusses Lu Xun's consciousness of the intermediate of history produced by the biological evolutionism,beginning with the following question:why did Lu Xun like so much the not-round sun that Tao Yuanqing drew on the cover of Hesitating?In Lu Xun's view,completeness,integrate harmony,striving for perfection and the golden world of idealists are unreal images made by the mind,because in the chain of evolution,everything is the intermediate.Knowing his own limit thoroughly and actually completing the link in the long chain of evolution are Lu Xun's consistent attitudes.The second and third parts discuss the thought that everything comes from the same origin,which is contained in theories of evolution and gives Lu Xun an important methodology:observing non-human creatures' lives as the reference of human life.Further on,Lu Xun extends the connection between things to the entire universe Vientiane which contains both living and nonliving objects-"the night outside,infinite distance and countless people are connected with me" expresses the kind of broad mind that all things are concerned with me and I have feelings for everything.The fourth part explores that the premise for all things correlate with each other is the individuals different from one another.Based on this premise,this part then introduces Lu Xun's respect for the individual,sensitivity and treasure for differences of all things and his consistent position of standing on the side of the weak.The second section first corroborates Lu Xun's thoughts with the symbiotic relationship of mutual benefits between individuals and the relationships of co-evolution and mutual subjectivity between human beings and other creatures in the biological world.Then this section tries to present that Lu Xun's consciousness of mutual subjectivity has penetrated into every aspect of his thoughts:in his opinion,such a relationship is not limited to people to people(and societies and states composed by human beings)and it should be established between all things more than people.Meanwhile,he also used this thinking in the interior of self-awareness.So readers can see,in his works,communications,conversations,doubts and arguments between different thoughts and ideologies.When he changed the subjective inner loneliness,despair and hope which originally belonged to one's inner world into subjects that exceeded personal experience and which people could have conversations with,they would gain their own openness.The final part extends the topic to another field which is closely related to the Natural History.That is how Lu Xun views nature and describes nature.This part attempts to answer why Lu Xun said deliberately that he was not sensitive to the beauty of nature and sniffed at the refined people who linger on scenic attractions when he clearly had a fine feeling on nature.The author would see Lu Xun's uniqueness of both understanding and describing nature through a close reading while answering the question. |
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