Study On Philosophy And Religious Thoughts Of The Duren Jing(Discussion On Song Dynasty Edition)

The Duren jing comprises sixty-one volumes,the first of which was composed in the Wei-Jin period,while the others were written in the late Northern Song Dynasty.The Duren jing is preserved as the first scripture in the Daoist Canon,which speaks for its importance.Employing a special writing style,the scripture includes many metaphors and secret expressions,which can be read but cannot be understood.Due to the complexity of the Song dynasty edition of the Douren jing(?????),the present dissertation investigates its history,text,thoughts,and religious ideas in context with the general intellectual history and history of ideas.This thesis is the first comprehensive study of the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing.I believe that according to the Jin Que Di Jun's(????)theological connotation,this scripture is the product which creating an outstanding image of Emperor Song Huizong.In the Daoist tradition it was held that the Jin Que Di Jun's mission was to rectify Daoism to restore imperial ideology,and to offer a new source for Daoist faith.For this reason,the composition of the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing and other Daoist scriptures and liturgies not only integrated and developed new Daoist ideas(cosmology;Daoism Theology,etc.),but also created new "Doo Fa"(??)(such as Zhen Wen and Spells,etc.).Besides,those scriptures naturally focus on the image of a new deity named Chang Sheng Da Jun(????).At that time,the image of the Daoist savior Chang Sheng Da Jun was created,who reformed Daoism and saved the world in the traditional belief system,into the Emperor Huizong of Song.The concept of the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing continued the Daoist eschatological system prevalent in the Wei-Jin dynasties.On the basis of responding to the theory of Daoism in the Wei-Jin dynasties,the authors of scriptures merged the depiction of Jin Que Di Jun's mission in Daoist traditions with the values of Lingbao Daoism,hoping to integrate the various religious resources of Daoism of the time,and formed asystem of Daoist religiosity,depicting Song Huizong as the leader.Hence,they must widely have adopted aspects from other sources,initiating reforms,and creating an integrated system of cosmology on that basis.At the the same time,based on the Duren jing 's traditions,they upheld the spirit of "????" to construct a large number of new Zhen Wen in order to transfer the authority of the traditional zhen wen to the new classics.They also regarded the Chang Sheng Da Jun as the core of the faith and and as a new spiritual power replacing the deities of Shangqing and Lingbao Daoism.To some extent,the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing reflects the ideology of Song Huizong's revolution,but it was also a product of his reform of Daoism.Because the compilation of the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing was undertaken in order to help Song Huizong to integrate ideas and faith of Daoism,the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing inherited the traditional ideas of Daoism.By now much analytical research concerning those ideas has been done.Thus,the theoretical property of the text is important.The logic of the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing presents itself in terms of the following pattern:The Daoism Ontology?the nature of Dao?the nature of Mind?the body and the spirit?the practice of Dao.Cosmology and temperament theory are the main themes of the text.According to the the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing,the "Hun Dong Tai Wu"(????),i.e.the nature of the cosmos,developed on the directions transformed itself into the nature of the Dao" and the qi of the Dao," of which"the nature of Dao" could be divided into "the nature of Mind","erotic feelings," and so forth,while "the qi of the Dao" could be divided into "Zu Qi"(??),"the three Qi of Xuan,Yuan,Shi" and so on.Humans,being one of the " Three Cai"(??)came into being through the connection of "the nature of the Dao"(??)and "the qi of the Dao"(??).In my discussion of the matter,I will treat the themes of "the nature of Dao and"Dao Qi" in terms of two different dimensions,one being "self-transcendence"(?????),the other being "ego-obsession"(?????)."The nature of Dao," "Dao Qi," and "Hun Dong Tai Wu" share one common nature,but are different in their manifestations,which even include both positive and negative factors.The"Ego-Obsessed" exercises influence on both "the nature of Dao" and "Dao Qi." As the Dao is the nature of mind,the mind in its true nature is undefiled,but it does not recognize its true nature unless polished diligently.In order to explain negative factors in the human nature,such as malevolence and desire,the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing develops contradictions such as "existence" and "inexistence","enlightenment","non-enlightenment,which only serves the purpose of making the matter understandable to the public.However,the Daoist theory of the nature of mind is not just a matter of metaphysics enhanced by ethical concepts.It explores the meaning of human life in the framework of San Cai,which explains the relationship between heaven and man.Theories of life are an important aspect of the Daoist system of thought·While the purpose of cosmology is to explain the position of life,the purpose of the Daoist theory of the nature of mind is to explain the nature of life.Since monasticism is related to the afterlife,after the discussion of the Daoist theory of the nature of mind,the thesis will explore the Daoist theory of life.The concept of life of the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing is built on the doctrine that the deities and human beings share the some life nature.It should be pointed out that the primary purpose of the the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing is to establish a new deity and also a number of new Dao Fa to respond to the challenge posed by the introduction of Lingbao values.So the entire ideological structure is designed propagate the worship of the new deity Chang Sheng Da Jun.This is what the present doctoral dissertation will demonstrate.Due to objective historical reasons,Chang Sheng Da Jun,being the main deity of the Song dynasty edition of the Duren jing,quickly became separated from Song Huizong,who is a specific,historical person,as a main God and symbol with "Nan Gong Lian Du",applied to the entire Daoism.The belief related to Song Huizong has become history,while the scripture is of central importance to sacred Daoist literature,and remains influential until today.