Research On The Territorial Disposal Of Germany And Japan And The Response Of Germany And Japan By The Allies

Germany and Japan are the sources of World War II and occupied vast territories during the war,especially Japan has carried out a lot of territorial expansion since the Meiji Restoration.Therefore,during the Second World War,to solve the territorial issues of Germany and Japan anti-fascist allies held several international conferences and shaped "the Atlantic Charter","Cairo Declaration," Yalta Agreement "," Potsdam Agreement "and other documents which conformed the basic policy of dealing with the territorial problems of Germany and Japan after the war.It should be said that there were contradictions between the allies in dealing with the problems of Germany and Japan during the war,but the consensus on the territorial-issue was reached.After the war,the original feud France and Germany were going towards reconciliation,especially the Schuhmann plan opened the door for European integration.Saar gradually is no longer a problem,and it can be said that the solving of the problem of Saar is based on the reconciliation between France and Germany.Contrary to the reconciliation between France and Germany,the cold war broke out due to ideology and other reasons between the allies.The United States,Britain,France and the Soviet Union moved from wartime allies to enemy countries after the war and from the wartime cooperation to the post-war confrontation in the disposal of the territories problems of Germany and Japan.The confrontation can be know from that the plan of East German border in the "Potsdam agreement" cannot be carried out because of cold war and the German division.The mutual distrust of the two groups is manifested in the fact that the Soviet Union and Poland believe that the eastern boundary of Germany has been solved but the west group think that the problem of the eastern boundary should be solved during the peace conference with Germany.In the Soviet Union and Poland,s view,the western attempt to revise the result of World War II,while in the west'view,the actions of the Soviet Union and Poland are territorial expansions.In addition,the post-war Germany split into two countries,namely West Germany and East Germany.Under the pressure from the Soviet Union and Poland East Germany accepted the Oder-Neisse line in 1950,but West Germany not only refused it but also considered the boundary line should return to the 1937 level.After the war as the territory east of the Oder-Neisse line had in fact been occupied by the Soviet Union and Poland,the Soviet Union and Eastern Group believed that recognizing the existing boundary is the premise of easing in the tensions of the cold war,so the Western appeasement policy led to accept the natural boundary,which also contributed to the implementation of New East policy at the end of 60s by West Germany.In addition,the Germans' actions during World War ? and the repentance of the poles and Jews also prompted the West Germans to accept the current boundaries from their heart.When East Germany's regime was unstable in 1990,Germany gained a opportunity to be united.At this time,Poland,the Soviet Union,France,Britain and even the United States all hoped that West Germany should agree to accept the current boundary between East Germany and Poland when West Germany and East Germany were united,and promised not to change the border in the future.Under international pressure,West Germany had to accept their asks,so as to realize the unification of Germany and ushered in peace with neighboring countries.In Japan,because of the cold war and the Korean War,the Japanese peace treaty changed from the planned comprehensive peace to one-sided peace,namely China and the Soviet Union are the important participating countries against Japan did not sign the "San Francisco peace treaty",so that the Japanese territorial issue had not been solved completely.After World War II,the United States occupied Japan alone and enjoyed a huge voice in Japan's peace treaty on how to dispose of Japanese territory.Although the Soviet Union had less influence than the United States in the Japanese peace treaty,the Soviet Union occupied the South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands that Roosevelt had promised to give to the Soviet Union in "Yalta agreement".Therefore,although the United States had been supporting Japan for a long time and Japan had repeatedly demanded the return of the Northern Territory,the Soviet Union is also difficult to compromise on territorial issues.Even when the Soviet Union and Japan may reach a compromise on the territorial issue in 1956,the United States stopped Japan to do it and admitted that Shikotan and Etorofu are Japan's territories in 1956.The early period of postwar,the United States planed to put Dokdo under the territorial sovereignty of South Korea,but with the tense situation on the peninsula and Japan asking United States for the island,the United States changed it attitude,and the Dokdo was not written in the Article of peace treaty that consisted of all the territories that Japan had to give up.On the issue of Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands,US,according to the need of the cold war,promised that Japan could retain the Ryukyu's residual sovereignty by ignoring the objection of China and the Soviet Union,while hosting the Ryukyu strategy.In the return of Ryukyu in 1972,the Diaoyu Islands belonging to China were also "returned" to Japan,which caused a territorial dispute between China and Japan.Comparing the post-war German and Japan territorial issue,we need to compare the similarities and differences between the attitudes of US,Britain and the Soviet Union in the two countries' territorial issues,as well as the similarities and differences between the attitudes of Germany and Japan in terms of territorial issues.On the issue of Japanese territory,the United States occupied the initiative.Japan also found the initiative of the United States,playing the banner of the principle of "no territorial expansion" in the the Atlantic charter and influencing the US in a variety of ways,and the US also needed Japan to implement cold war in Asian.Although Germany and Japan all relied on the west to claim territory,they also did not recognize the current territorial boundaries to a certain extent,but in the 60s,West Germany gradually lost support from the West and implemented the New Oriental policy.Japan and the United States had been the aid of each other and Japan was lacking of confession in the history issues,which caused lots of territorial disputes with it neighbors.Japan's attitude and policy on the territorial issue not only reclaimed a part of Japan's territory back,but also made it difficult for Japan to reach a settlement with its neighbors on the territorial issues.At the end of the cold war,with the reunification of Germany,the boundary of the territory of Germany was solved,and Germany and its neighbouring countries achieved reconciliation.It can be said that after the war,the territory loss of West Germany was greater than that of Japan,and the geopolitical environment it faced was also worse than that of Japan.But West Germany can successfully solve the territorial issues,which is a result of West Germany's true repentance of the historical view.However,since the end of World War II,Japan still has territorial disputes with China,Russia and Korea.It can even be said that territorial issues become one of the obstacles to reconciliation between Japan and its neighbors,and sometimes it is one of the causes of the deterioration of relations.How to eliminate this obstacle,China,Russia,Korea need to face actively,Japan has to be more active to face,and the United States needs to reflect.