On The Agricultural Economy Of Enemy-occupied Area In Shanxi During The Anti-Japanese War

Some scholars emphasize the research about the history of the war of resistance should focus on reinforcement of the microcosmic research.Vivid concrete historical event?character and scene make the microcosmic research clear and lay a good foundation for the macroscopic exact estimation and scientific evaluation.Otherwise,the related research can only be cut and dried of even fake expression.Based on the Japanese practical research data in the countries of the enemy-occupied area,this paper takes some microcosmic research about some typical countries in order to review the tendency of agricultural economy in the enemy-occupied area in Shanxi province during the period of Anti-Japanese War.This paper divides into four parts to expand the discussion.The first part is the foundation of the research,including the introduction and the first chapter.The introduction illustrates the cause of the selecting of the topic?elaboration of the topic?current situation of the related research in and out of the country?frame construction and form of this paper?documents involved and strategy for research.The first chapter takes comparative analysis of twenty countries in Yangqu county based on the survey data provided by country educational reform society by analyzing villages in Yangqu county in 1993 and gets the conclusion of dead-alive agricultural economy under the circumstance of fading of countries.However,agricultural economy in the enemy-occupied area is more terrible and unbearable from the point of price of the land?burden of land tax?acre yield and the farmer's life state compared with agricultural economy in the enemy-occupied area.The second part which contains chapter two to chapter five is the main point and essence of this paper.Based on the existing research,the author finds new entry point of study and chooses six villages for microscopic investigation and analysis of agricultural economy in Shanxi area including Huangling village in Jinquan county?Nanzheng village in Pingyao county?Gaohedian village in Linfen county?Shijia village in Changzhi county in Luze area?Yunan village in Jincheng county ?Gangtou village and and Fugui village in Yanggao county as specific object of study by combing the Japanese practical research datain the countries of the enemy-occupied area in Shanxi province ?papers published during the period of puppet Japanese and data of damage during theWar of Resistance.The author believes lack of agricultural acreage leads to relative surplus of labor force and inadequate consumption of labor force.According to the situation of cash deposit and withdrawal of ninety five farmer household in 1939,the writer can tell the truth that most of agricultural incoming comes from non agricultural earning rather than agricultural income.Therefore,all the surplus labor force has to take the non agricultural work for surviving.However,temporal disordered public security?shutoff of the market?collapse of shop and broken traffic situation caused by Japanese invasion block the way of surviving solidly.This paper inspects Huangling village in Jinquan county from five aspects.First is natural environment and general information of local agriculture.Second is the analysis of productive environment and classification of farmers.Third is the agricultural operational situation.Fourth is the production and marketing of crops.Fifth is the situation of agricultural part-time business.This paper points out Nanzheng village is a predominantly agricultural village which takes the upper-middle-income status in Pingyao county.In Nanzheng village,most of the farmers own their land meanwhile 137 families which occupy 48.2% of the overall farmers own less the ten mu of land.Therefore,this paper points out there is small-scale peasant economy in this village and most of the farmers need to be tenant farmers.Tenancy phenomenon is popular in this village.This paper analyzes Gaohedian village in Linfen county from following aspects including relationship between agriculture and domestic handicraft?market-bonded domestic handicraft?permeation of commodity economy?case of land ownership and separation of division's influence to agricultural scale and finally points out the inexorable trend that the domestic handicraft in Gaohedian village will finally break away from the agricultural development by changing into small commodity production through the market.This paper analyses the farming and avocation in Luze area by taking Shijia villge?Yunan village ?Gangtou village and Fugui village as the main study points.Taking the avocation as supplement to farming ?half farming combined with half business are the agricultural characteristics in this area.The paper points out the Japanese invasion has exerted profound influence to livestock?land tax ? manufacture and export of ferruginous farm tools and crops trade and revealsdestructiveness and ruthlessness of the Japanese invasion.In regard to countries in north part of Shanxi province,this paper analyzes the Master Temple of Fugui village in Yanggao county which was once subordinate to the puppet Mongolia government from aspects of farming production?agricultural habitual behavior and livestock products and points out the phenomenon of land trade?pawn business and loan is very popular at that time in north part of Shanxi province.The livestock products are the need of breeding the livestock and the source of local characteristic fur goods.Influenced by the Japanese invasion,ever bustling free trade market has been shut down and therefore the farming?the sideline production and the trade has been badly influenced.The third part namely the seventh chapter takes the opium policy and government in countries of the enemy-occupied area in Shanxi province forced by the Japan and puppet government as main point and analyzes the characteristics of the opium policy which contains two parts.The fist part is legalization of the planting and trade of opium.The second part is this policy is a double game.On one hand,the Japan and puppet government sets up the plan of forbidden the opium in five years.On the other hand,it establishes the government organizations named as opium suppression bureau and the native opium excise from top to bottom to run the opium business in order to sustaining war by means of war.The forth part of the paper puts forward to the final conclusion.First,the Japanese invasion disturbs the develop course of agriculture and steady order in countries of Shanxi province and expedites the bankrupt of agricultural economy.Second,the Japanese puppet regime in China controls the economy in a short term with high price and therefore deepens the suffering of farmers in the enemy-occupied area.Third,the Japanese policy of“sustaining war by means of war” is incomparable to the huge damage of agricultural resources in the enemy-occupied area caused by the Japanese invasion.Forth,the more nasty opium policy inflects the sound in body and mind of Chinese people meanwhile the excessive profit of opium trade causes abnormal agricultural development form in enemy-occupied area.Base on the analysis of the rural survey data made by Japan in the period of Anti Japanese War and papers published during the period of puppet Japanese,this paper takesagricultural economy in enemy-occupied area as a perspective in terms of economy development situation in enemy-occupied area and investigates several typical villages from the angles of nature of the land ownership?decomposition of class of peasant?constrained choice of half farming combined with half business etc.Taking these original materials which can disprove the Japanese criminal into microcosmic study would help to reveal false publicity of the Japanese puppet regime and force some malicious Japanese to envisage the history.This would be meaningful.Just as what Yeying Zeng once said:“In a certain sense,the puppet government official self confession is more convincing the charge from the political opponent ”.