| The Yao nationality is a nationality with a long history,many branches and a wide distribution.As one of the four major branches of Yao nationality,Crossing mountain Yao(Pan yao)is located in the Ruyuan Yao nationality autonomous county of guangdong province.In the history,because of the unbearable discrimination and oppression,the Yao people migrated to the deep mountains and lived a life of “Eat up a mountain,then move to another mountain”,which got the brabch name of Crossing mountain Yao.For more than a thousand years,they had never stopped their migration.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,some of them crossed national boundaries and reached southeast Asia.After the 1970 s,they gradually crossed the sea to Europe,America and other countries,and eventually became a world nationality.Yao’s culture is of high identification and strong vitality,which was the Yao combined the national consciousness,beliefs,habits and customs and adapt natural geographical environment and social cultural environment of the places where they had moved.The cultural content and expressive styles are abundant: their living and eating culture which are adapted to the mountain life,clothing culture that records history and legends,singing and dancing culture celebrating ancestors and praying for harvest,institutional culture to maintain national development,religious belief and sacrifice culture which combinated totem worship&natural worship&ancestor worship.Their cultural spirit core is the sacrifice culture which takes “Panhu”as the center,takes “the List of ancestors”、 Yao’s folk songs and dances、 Yao’s clothing and embroidery as the carriers.Over a thousand years of inheritance and development,the preservation of culture is relatively complete,which thanks to the relative isolation of the natural environment,the relative simplicity of the internal social environment and the feudal regime loosely ruled over traditional Yao society.In traditional society,Yao people acted comply with the List of ancestors,under the leadership of the private advisers,integrated national culture into their daily life and to preserve their own culture in the form of folk inheritance.Specific inheritance forms include: teach by personal examples as well as verbal instruction at homes;Traditional teachers passed their skills and capabilities to their apprentices;did what the ancestors had done;festival heritage;using ancient books to preserve their culture.After the founding of new China,the Communist Party of China entered Yao districts and carried out various reforms to the traditional Yao society.Crossing mountain Yao gradually entered the modern society.Which caused multiple impacts on the cultural inheritance of Crossing mountain Yao.It is mainly manifested in five aspects.First of all,Natural and social changes(including the road and other basic Settings、moving resettlement、the establishment of modern education system etc.)has impacted the production and life style and ideology of cultural heritage.Second,the intervention of the official regime has made a readjustment of the cultural discourse power of Yao’s society,the authority of the masters were weakened.Third,the commodity economy and market consciousness and promotion of tourism were gradually established in Yao Districts,which changed the way of presentation of culture and played down the connotation and historical value of traditional culture;Fourthly,the deep breadth of ethnic interaction expands the impact on Yao culture;Fifthly,the popularization and improvement of mass media communication system in Yao district changed the way of inheritance of traditional culture and impacted the content system of inheritance culture.The strong sense of national identity and cultural consciousness has made the Yao people possible to cope with and adjust to the new environment.Yao people are keeping pace with The Times,capturing the core of culture and making full use of modern ways to preserve and perfect the national culture.First,collect and published materials of traditional culture,and to carry on the media inheritance and dissemination to the traditional culture;Second,to activate the modern adaptability of traditional culture folk inheritance mode;Third,expand new ways and channels of inheritance,for example,integrating traditional culture into modern education system、through building the cultural brand of“The Spiritual home of the world’s Crossing mountain Yao” and carrying out the development of national culture tourism to try developmental inheritance;To construct their own intangible cultural heritage system and heritage list,etc.In the process of trying and perfecting,the culture is indomitable and developed,to maintain the traditional advantages and adapt to the changing times. |
