Study On The Capital Of The Western Zhou Dynast

The capital city performs as the center of political and cultural of a dynasty,as well as the symbol of king's power.Meanwhile,it intensively embodies national authority.As a historical period which plays a key and connecting role in the history of Chinese metropolitan system,West Zhou Dynasty(??)is not only a total conclusion in terms of metropolitan system of previous dynasties,but also an innovation on metropolitan system to later Dynasties.Thus,it has great significance to discuss metropolitan system of West Zhou Dynasty.This dissertation focuses on the following research subjects:three capital cities in West Zhou Dynasty and their establishing process,forming cause and status of three capital cities system in the history of ancient metropolitan system.Besides the preface,the body of this dissertation consists of seven chapters:In the first chapter,it begins with the definition of "Du"(?),"Yi"(?)(different names for ancient cities in China)and other concepts,then explores,illustrates and discusses three important capital cities of Zhou people in early period.Consequently,it provides necessary historic background for the discussion of three capital cities in West Zhou Dynasty.And it is beneficial for the latter discussion.In early period,Zhou people continuously migrated from one place to another.After Tai King(??)migrated to Qi(?),they gradually settled down and lived mainly on farming.With the prosperity of Zhou people and requirements of extension,Wen King(??)migrated to Feng(?),Wu King(??)migrated to Hao(?),and Chen King(??)established Luoyi(??)as west capital city for governance after conquering Shang(?).This historic process lead to occurrence of three capital cities in West Zhou Dynasty,and they exist in the same time through West zhou.From chapter 2 to chapter 5,it researches on three capital cities in terms of their location,naming,construction arrangement of palaces and temples and other issues.Through interactive verification and invention on archeological discoveries,documentary records and bronze epigraph,it intends to avoid intervention from various opinions and different sayings.Hence,it can accurately grasp real features of three capital cities to the largest extent and offer solid foundation for further discussion on their forming cause,establishing elements,function distribution and other issues.In chapter 6,it analyzes and probes into three capital cities in West Zhou Dynasty mainly in terms of their function.From this perspective,we can understand the position and responsibilities of three capital cities in West Zhou's political structure.As the original prospering and suffering place of Zhou,Qizhou(??)performs as the "Saint Capital"(??).It is Zhou people's psychological symbol and forefather's spiritual destination,which has vital significance under the religious politics at that time;Zongzhou(??)is the core of West Zhou Dynasty.It is the center of political,economic and cultural.Since Wen King and Wu King are founders of Zhou people's residence,Fenghao(??)area has more natural and ecological advantages than other two cities.Beside,Zhou people always need to pay attention to the threats from Yidi(??)which around them.Xirong's(??)booming is an alert to Zhou people,therefore,the position and role of Zongzhou is comparatively important.Chengzhou(??)comes into occurrence to adapt to new governing situation.After conquering Shang Dynasty,Zhou dominate larger territories than before.For eastern area,Zhou people have less domination power.Moreover,there are frequent armed rebellions in newly conquered regions.It is urgent and essential for them to solve these problems in order to strengthening their new kingdom.The idea of establish eastern capital city originated by Wu King,through Zhougong's(??)management,Chengzhou is established by Cheng King's(??).It is proved that the new capital city Chengzhou had strategic significance for the guarding and protection of Zhou Dynasty.Its position in the whole nation and connection with Zongzhou compensate the disadvantages of Zongzhou's ecological location in order to govern vast boundaries of Zhou Dynasty.Due to the situation of three capital cities,Zhou people firmly controls thousand miles of King's adjacent areas from Qizhou to Luoyi.In chapter 7,it illustrates three capital cities' formation in time sequence,more clearly demonstrates West Zhou Dynasty establish three capital cities which have different characteristics in various historic stage according to cause development,situation requirement and notion evolution.By comparison and analysis,it discovers influencing factors for Zhou people to choose capital city's site;the similarity and difference to former two dynasties:Xia(?)and Shang(?);as well as the impact on latter dynasties to establish their capital city.Based on the research,we can deepens the recognition of nation's development and governing forms of West Zhou Dynasty.Finally,it analyzes and probes into three capital cities in West Zhou Dynasty mainly in terms of history of system.Meanwhile,it points out the role which West Zhou plays in the development of capital city's form in metropolitan city system history of ancient China.