| Analytical Marxism is a new trend emerging and formed in Britain and the United States after the mid-1970 s.It contains a method of reading and studying Marxism and a new interpretation of Marx’s thought under this approach.It can be said that the analysis of Marxism is a product of the combination of analytical philosophy and Marxist research that prevailed in the United Kingdom and the United States since the 20 th century.Analytical philosopher G.A.Cohen,professor of analytics at the University of London,published the book “The History of Karl Marx—A Defense” in 1978,applying the analytical methods of analytic philosophy to the original creation of Marx for the first time.In the study of the theory of historical materialism,we started the analysis of Marxism and became the founder of analytical Marxism.The book " Karl Marx’s Theory of History: A Defense" was published in the study of Western Marxism.There was a strong reaction in the academic circles and it was regarded as a sign of the analysis of the birth of Marxism.Afterward,it has led to a trend of academic research.Some Marxist researchers in Europe and America have followed Cohen and used analytic methods to study Marxism in order to achieve a refined understanding of Marx’s theory.This dissertation starts from the six aspects of studying G.A.Cohen’s Analytical Marxism Theory.In the first part,the introduction mainly focuses on the topic background and significance of the thesis.Cohen analyzes the status quo of Marxism research at home and abroad and sums up the innovative ideas and deficiencies of this thesis.He introduced the theoretical sources and historical origins of Cohen’s analysis of Marxist thoughts.He analyzed the research results of Cohen’s thoughts by domestic and foreign scholars from the aspects of Cohen’s historical theory,technical theory,the concept of justice,and equality.Second,Cohen conducted a research on analyzing Marxist methodology and analyzing Marxist connotation,research object,methodology,and characteristics.Analytical Marxism is a research path or research method.It also refers to a loose academic research community or a research trend or an academic phenomenon.Analysis of Marxism adopts the "analysis" method.Although the term “analysis” refers more to analytic philosophical analysis,Cohen believes that the term “analysis” has two related but different meanings.One is broad and the other is narrow.Each is related to The traditional form of thinking as an integral part of Marxism is in the opposite.Analyzing Marxism using analytical methods to study and understand Marx’s historical theory and Marxist political philosophy,and to study and analyze Marx’s historical materialism as well as its development in political philosophy,had a greater impact and formed a comparative Great international influence theory and academic achievements.There are three main characteristics of Marxism in terms of analysis: a "Cohencharacter view," another is "Roemer-characteristic view," and a so-called "Wrightcharacter view."Third,Cohen’s construction of historical theory.Cohen uses analytical methods combined with functions to interpret the basic proposition of historical materialism—productivity interprets the relations of production;the economic basis determines the superstructure’s defenses to preserve the scientific and rigorous nature of historical materialism.The paper makes an interpretation of the basic concepts,basic propositions,and methodologies of historical materialism that Cohen interprets.Cohen made a detailed distinction and definition of social attributes and material attributes of society.He also considered that the distinction between social attributes and social attributes is also a distinction between content and form.Social relations cannot be simply extracted from material descriptions.On the basis of the distinction between the two attributes,Cohen clearly defined productivity,production relations,and economic structure.It is thought that the productivity described by Marx is not part of the economic structure.The economic structure is constituted by the production relations alone.The production relations are the effective power relations for the people.He pointed out that the production relationship is not a legal relationship but an effectively controlled power.It distinguishes between “power” and “right”,and resolves the “legality crisis” of historical materialism.Cohen proposed the primacy of production and the "two propositions" of development.He believes that the development of production runs through all historical processes and that productivity is of primary importance to production relations or economic structure.The primary proposition of productivity is linked to the development proposition.In response to the distortions of Marx’s historical materialism by the Second International Revisionists,Cohen used a method of functional interpretation to explain the primary proposition of productivity in order to distinguish their differences.Cohen defended historical materialism and also constructed its microscopic foundation.Fourth,Cohen’s Theory of Critical Technology Construction.Cohen constructed the technical critical theory based on the "two major propositions".The thesis studied Cohen’s technical criticism of Marx’s theoretical origin,Cohen’s connotation of technical criticism,and the rational criterion of technical criticism-the primacy proposition.Then he analyzes Cohen’s paradigm shift of technical criticism and explores the material basis and functional interpretation of his “technology paradigm”.Based on the rational criteria and normative basis of technical criticism,it focuses on social reality analysis of technological alienation and grasps the functional characteristics of Cohen’s technical criticism.At the same time,reflecting the true trajectory of Cohen’s ideological development reveals the theoretical value of Cohen’s technical criticism in the context of contemporary social reality.The fifth part,we analyze the evolution of G.A.Cohen’s analysis of the study of political philosophical normalization of justice and equality following his famous research on historical materialism.Trying to sort out and sketch out the context of Cohen’s theory of justice,and analyze Cohen’s critical logic.Discusses the Marxist conception of justice in Cohen’s sense of justice,and the principles devised in order to maintain the ideal socialist philosophy of justice.Cohen and Rawls represent egalitarian freedom with egalitarian orientation and emphasis on justice The libertarian ideology represented by Freedom as the representative and emphasizing liberty rights represented by Nozick was fiercely contested,and Cohen’s theory of justice was constructed.Cohen’s view of equality is based on the analysis and criticism of the theory of justice and equality of others.By Cohen’s discussion of Marxism on fairness and justice,he accumulates his basic judgments on the theory of social justice;The questioning of the principles of justice and the concept of liberal equality form the endoplasm of salvation of justice and equality from Rawls’ s principle of constructivism;the analysis of the equality view of libertarianism centered on Nozick’s theory of justice in possession It refutes the impropriety of Nozick’s hold of the capitalist theory of justice.In a society where distributional justice predominates,the general public expects to be substantially equal in material terms.Cohen proved that distributive justice cannot tolerate the "deep inequality" Rawls is prepared to support.In fact,he still serves his position of egalitarianism.The justice he saves is no other justice,but "justice as equality." However,Cohen’s criticism of Rawls’ constructivism methodology is still based on his egalitarian position.The justice he saved is actually a kind of justice based on egalitarianism.The last part in the process of turning to the analysis of equality,Cohen launched a polemic with liberals and libertarians,thoroughly analyzed liberalism with a fresh perspective,formed his own system of equal values,and opened up a new direction for the analysis of Marxism.The perspective of insight and criticism is mainly focused on three aspects: criticism of Rawls’ liberal concept of equality,criticism of the liberal concept of equality represented by Nozick’s self-owned theory,and capitalization of Dworkin’s capital.The criticism of the concept of equality.In the process of constructing the idea of equality,Cohen has always focused on analytics,focusing on the role of definitions of language and concepts,while ignoring the supremacy of dialectics,which is the Marxist methodology,and some of them have deviated from Marxism.In general,however,Cohen’s ideological context has originated from the contradiction between the Marxist ideology of equality and liberalism,that is,capitalist liberalism.We say that since Cohen’s view of equality is based on a criticism of the outlook on the equality of others,the chapter uses the theory of reduction theory and comparative discourse to sort out Cohen’s "value for the salvation of equality." Based on the analysis of Cohen’s thought of equality. |
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