Research On Martha C. Nussbaum's Thought Of Good Life

Since modern times,deontology represented by Kant and utilitarianism have occupied an important position in ethics and exerted a far-reaching influence on Contemporary Western ethics.In this context,human moral practice is facing unprecedented difficulties and crises.The Contemporary Virtue ethicists represented by Nussbaum advocate returning to Aristotle and reviving virtue ethics so as to get rid of the ethical dilemma in modern times.Nussbaum not only inherited Aristotle's ethical tradition of virtue,but also carried out a new interpretation and supplement on this basis.In Nussbaum's opinion,virtue is the intrinsic requirement and essential element of"good life",but it is not sufficient to have virtue only because happiness or "good life"is the realization of virtue,that is,a "good life" needs to be achieved through outstanding activities.However,human activities are extremely susceptible to external factors to interfere with and influence.In other words,there is a gap between virtue and a good life,through which luck affects a good life.Through the ancient Greek tragedy,Nussbaum reveals the relationship between vulnerability and "good life" innovatively,and expounds the ethical significance of human limitation in depth.Meanwhile,"Man is a political animal" and personal happiness is to be realized in the polis.Therefore,Nussbaum's "good life" thought must also explore the "good life" problem from the perspective of political philosophy.Justice is the most important issue in political philosophy.By discussing three unresolved issues in Rawls' justice thoughts,namely,the justice of the unsound and disabled,the global justice and the animal justice,Nussbaum tries to adopt a "Capabilities Approach" which is totally different from contract theory to supplement and perfect Rawls's social justice thought.This paper holds that the ethical thought and political philosophy thought of Nussbaum's "good life" are intrinsically related.As the starting point of Nussbaum's "good life",ethics opens the way for the study of political philosophy.Nussbaum's pursuit of "good life"from personal "good life" to political community "good life" has a theoretical and realistic inevitability.