The Idea Of Psychology As Science And The Transformation Of Thinking Mode Of Modern Philosophy

In the second half of the 19 th century,under the background of the development of natural science and modern philosophy and the intricate interrelationship between them,psychology,as a scientific idea,arose in Germany.At the same time,two opposite development paths have been formed,that is,the scientism path pioneered by Wundt and the humanistic science path pioneered by Brentano.When we study their own essences by putting these two ways of thinking into their "long-term past",we found that although they called their own paths sciences,their understandings of the connotations of scientific psychology were fundamentally different.The theme and purpose of the work in this paper is to illustrate that the efforts made to use psychology to serve science are one of the motives forces of the historical transformation from the mode of thinking of modern philosophy to the mode of thinking of contemporary philosophy.The way to study is to explore and clarify systematically the connotation of psychology as a scientific idea with the development of natural science and its production of ideology and philosophy history as the background.Based on the above study,the further purpose of the dissertation is to promote the understanding of psychology itself and modern philosophy.This paper is divided into the following five parts to expound the above-mentioned content.The first part gives an overview of the history of natural science since ancient times,referring to the relatively popular and more influential works on the history of science.It also reveals the effects of the development of natural science in the second half of the 19 th century on the following two aspects of modern world outlook: one is epistemology,that is,without critical understanding of the essence of natural science,to generalize the scientific nature of natural science into a universal view of science.It seems that only through "(natural)science" can the truth be attained in any field,so it offers the possibility that the view of psychology as a science can be achieved.The other is ontology,that is,natural science,as an object-oriented thinking with its unique achievements,strengthens the above-mentioned traditional belief that the object exists first in the dualistic mode of thinking.The second part specifically examines the rise of psychology as a scientific concept in the second half of the 19 th century,and illustrates the nature of modern philosophical dualism of the world outlook and its mode of thinking.Especially for psychology as a scientific concept,it is impossible to directly equate science with natural science,which can only cause confusion of thought.In terms of the specific content,this dissertation observes respectively Wundt 's and Brentano's psychological thoughts.On the one hand,it reveals that the scientism tradition of psychology,initiated by Wundt,was originally a false form of psychology as a scientific concept.On the other hand,it depicts that in Brentano's psychological thought,In particular,his concept of "intentionality" not only contains the connotation and form of truth of psychology,but also leads to the criticism and transcendence of modern philosophy,which points out the direction of Husserl's and Cassier's developments.The third part examines the understanding of Husserl's phenomenology about the connotation of scientific psychology,and clarifies the intimate relationship between Husserl's phenomenology and psychology as the realization of science.It further reveals that the pursuit of psychology as a real science is the basic motive force of phenomenological thought formation.The fourth part takes psychology as the foothold to examine Cassirer's philosophy of symbolic form and his understanding of the meaning of scientific psychology implied in his philosophy.It also reveals the consistency of Cassirer's understanding of consciousness and psychology with that of Brentano and Husserl which becomes the ideological proof of regarding phenomenological psychology as logical scientific psychology.The fifth part is the convergence and sublimation of the theme of the dissertation.Through the further clarification of psychology as a scientific concept,and the summary and analysis of the characteristics of modern philosophy and its mode of thinking,the author clarifies the concept of psychology as a scientific and its pursuit of self-realization,which is one of the driving forces in the history of thought that guides the transformation of human philosophical thinking from its modern form and mode of thinking to its contemporary form and mode of thinking.