The Neo-pragmatism Method Of Justification Of Knowledge

This paper,based on the critical analysis of traditional knowledge theory,clarifies the language essence of the state of consciousness,and rethinks the difficulties of justification after the social and normative transformation.The paper highlights the dynamic role of "reason",and tries to explain how the language subject brings the experience of perception into the space of logical reasons by using the two paths of rationalism and empiricism to analyze the relationship between language,mind and world from the perspective of Neo-pragmatism.Chapter one The condition of knowledge and the justification of belief is the focus of the contemporary philosophy.The traditional definition regard “justification”,“truth” and “belief” as the three basic elements of knowledge.After the Gettier counter examples were overturned,traditional knowledge theories not only are threatened by Scepticism,but also are faced with the problem of tracing argumentation.What's more,it's difficult to unify the respective advantages on justification of Internalism and Externalism.Chapter two Foundationalism regards the self-evident sensational experience as the ultimate basis of knowledge and defends for itself with the belief of “sense-data”.However,whether the giveness of experience derives from experience of sense,and uncorrectability of basic beliefs are strongly doubted.Coherentism also defends for the internal mental state.The justification of agreement avoids the class difference between beliefs.But when faced with “The uncertainty of Truth ”,“independent warrant objection”,“Plurality objection ”,no certain answer could be given.The disadvantage of justification of traditional knowledge lies in the separation of experience and reason of belief.Chapter Three In the 1930 s,theory of knowledge departs from the internal defense of mental state.Instead,it asks for external reliable insurance,focusing on the “reliability” of the subject cognition system.Goldman emphasizes the cause and effect relationship between the external and the mental and regard it as necessary condition to obtain knowledge.On the basis of that,the knowledge with probability criterion and perfect theory of reliabilism explicate the no-axiomatic justification.At the same time,Sellars' s criticism to “The given of myth” collapses traditional experience knowledge,thinking that materials can not satisfy both independence and effectiveness of knowledge base.It can't depart from the interference of concepts,and that plays a part.Psychological Nominalism notes that: Knowledge lies within the space of logical reasons.A linguistic social theory of awareness highlights the dual dimension of social and normative,making great effect on the contemporary justification and development of knowledge theory.Chapter four Brandom inherited Sellars' s theory: The Rationalism approach to justification of knowledge.“Intellectual” subject inference practical activity highlights the dynamic effect of reason.Language is expressed in a reasoning way:Rational ability makes us assert,and our logic makes it clear.Inferentialism uses “commitment” to replace “belief” in traditional knowledge theory.Language and action are beyond the normal awareness and are different from the natural,physical and spatial cause and effect.So they can intervene “logic reason space” field.The construction of language meaning is introduced into social activity idea and accepts the reliable no-reasoning reason.It can be divided into two stages: Stage one aims at “regulating pragmatics”,meanings should be comprehended when using concepts,and the significance of asserting is its regulating effect in the reasoning activity and rational activity.Stage two emphasizes “ Inference semantics”,explaining how sentences,clauses,singular and pronouns are given meanings.Through analyzing insight and blind Spots of the Reliabilism,the appropriate using concepts is understood in language communication.Rational pragmatism shows its unique justification advantage: “reasoning” and “reliability” have internal connection.Chapter Five Mc Dowell inherited Pragmatism tradition,recalling “experience” as the source and basis of knowledge and belief and supporting “minimum Empiricism”.“Conceptual experience” get out of the dilemma between the Giveness theory and Coherentism,reconstructuring the relationship between awareness experience and reason: acceptance and spontaneous are inalienably included in cognition.Naturalism of the second nature gives further explanation for its rationalization,that nature is connected with mental and reason,rational conceptual ability motivates the action of subject.The direct justification of Quietism refuses illusory semantic hypothesis,advocating the rational subject as a unique part of nature.Concept has been the real understanding.Chapter Six “Conceptual Realism” has become the milestone of contemporary knowledge theory and language philosophy.It goes beyond traditional rationalism and empiricism and gives its new solution to the knowledge justification problem,showing its obvious tendency of Neo-pragmatism.