A Study Of "Primitivism" In Hemingway's Novels

Primitivism,which pervaded western culture around the 20 th century,was influenced by the rapidly changing social reality,philosophical turn,rediscovery and revaluation of primitive culture by anthropology,and the trend of art towards aesthetic self-discipline,showing a clear difference from the expression of primitivism before modernism.Hemingway was Influenced by the new changes of primitivism in the modernist period,and formed a unique understanding and expression of " primitivism" in combination with his own life experience and rich ethnography knowledge.it is manifested as follows: first,after breaking down the ideological barriers such as "white-centered theory" and "dualism",the "primitive man" is no longer the "other" or the manifestation of his own desires stared at by the white people,but becomes a part of the self-evolutionary narrative of the white subject.After continuous restructuring,"primitive man" is no longer the exclusive name of primitive aborigines,and the lower white groups and the subordinate cultural others have become part of the "primitive discourse" in the same way.The second is to restore to an ancient thought mode through reshaping the original world outlook and myth,and to achieve the goal of reconstructing the world outlook and value system of modern civilized people when returning to the original human psychological state.The third is to reveal the absurdity of the world,the morbid civilization,the insularity of human nature and the fragility of life by means of " primitive man" intuition,instinctive non-logical thinking and behavior in expressing the feeling of the strange and horrible external world,so as to achieve the purpose of criticism and reflection.The fourth is to return to the original home scene,restore the integrity of the original human understanding,explore the true state of human self in the consistency between man and nature,realize the renewal and rebirth of the subject spirit,and expand in the modern world.The pursuit of value and meaning.This thesis puts Hemingway's novel creation into the modern context and demonstrates its "primitive" content from four aspects: First,from tracing back to the " Jazz Age" when the American and French social cultures on both sides of the Atlantic have different understandings and attitudes towards primitivism,we will examine the causes and characteristics of Hemingway's primitivism tendency.The second is to interpret the characters with " barbarian" temperament in for whom the bell tolls as a group of " primitive people" reborn in modern life.they are the hero subjects in modern life,They have changed their inner vitality into visibility and solvability through a series of externalized " behavior art" with overall irony,reflecting the increasingly broken and fractured modern life.The third,the writing of Hemingway's return to his original home is understood as a continuous " territorialization" and " deterritorialization" process of spatial movement,which not only realizes the change in the geographical position of the story characters,allows the subject to escape from the functional and hierarchical social space and enter a diversified and heterogeneous " other space",but also provid a thinking mode of reflection and deconstruction and making the return to the original nature a process of finding the real self.The fourth is to focus on the use and embodiment of the original poetic wisdom in his works.Hemingway used a large number of original artistic imagination in his works,borrowed and reformed many mythical qualities,performed ritual narration,and displayed ambiguous and revelatory aesthetic style,which is not only a response to the call for returning to the original in the modernist period,but also revealed Hemingway's desire to achieve a breakthrough in the existing world and human limitations by using poetic wisdom and find an idealized living situation for human beings.Finally,this paper draws the following conclusions: First,the Primitivism in Hemingway's novels is the result of the regeneration in the context of modernity.His primitivism has almost all the new features of Primitivism in the period of modernism.Second,primitivism and modernism in Hemingway's novels have many "family-like" characteristics,and their marginalized narrative,the opening of a new cultural space,theradical anti-bourgeois modernity position,and the criticality of the presentation have all made it a Modernism outside of the mainstream narrative,it is another kind of face of modernism.