Research On Modern Mechanism

Dialectics and Metaphysics(Mechanical Materialism or Metaphysical Materialism)are important categories in Marxism Philosophy.How to understand the relationship between dialectics and metaphysics is also the important basis for advancing the development of Marxist philosophy.For Marxist philosophy,it is important to understand materialist dialectics correctly,but it is equally important to understand the metaphysics.For a long time,our understanding and definition of dialectics has been relatively clear and complete,but the definition of metaphysics or mechanical materialism is stuck in the "isolated,static and one-sided world view".If mechanical materialism is such a worldview,then it may not be worthy of being the opponent of materialist dialectics or dialectical materialism,It is also impossible to have any "basic core" worthy of materialist dialectics’ sublation.More importantly,it has always been a hot topic to research dialectics in the academic circle,and the research on mechanism is almost paralyzed.Therefore,it is necessary to Inquiry the true meaning that mechanical materialism is isolated,static and one-sided thinking.By combing the classic Marxist literature,the argument that mechanical materialism is "isolated,static and one-sided world view" is mainly derived from the Soviet textbook system.This understanding captures the key point of mechanical materialism,but lacks the direct interpretation of the classical literature of mechanism,but only cites thecritical discourse of Marx,especially Engels.The judgment of mechanism is lacking fairness due to lacking of literature support on the enemy.Starting from this problem,based on the clues provided by the classic Marxist writers,we should return to the original texts of modern mechanistic(such as the classic texts of mechanistic Gassendi,Descartes,Newton,etc.).After the analysis of the literature and contemporary research,we can know the mechanism is the "isolated,static,one-sided" worldview is not just the "machine metaphor",mechanism is the product of long-term development of Western scholarship,especially philosophy since ancient Greek philosophy.Mechanism is the convergence of three intellectual traditions;they are the ancient atomism of Democritus-Israel,the mathematical traditions of Pythagoras-Plato and the causality of Aristotle.After the medieval sedimentation and the rise of the Italian Renaissance,the worldview of mechanism or mechanical materialism was formed In the 17 th century.From the classical form of mechanism and the reconstruction of modern thinkers,we can summarize three ideological characteristics of mechanism: The one,the methodology of reductionism(analysis-integration);Second,the law of causality about the world and its movement;Third,the mathematical expression of the law of causality.The world view of mechanism is the most influential worldview before the birth of Marxism.It created the classic form ofmodern natural science and deeply influenced the understanding of human beings and human society.But,we should also see the limitations of mechanism: The method of reductionism helps us to explore the fundamental causes of things or movements,but it is difficult to describe the universal connection of things or movements;The law of causality can reveal the causal connection between things or movements,especially the relationship between single causality,but it cannot reveal the phenomenon or movement of multiple causes.Mathematical language facilitates the accurate expression of the causal relationship between things and the movements,but at the time the things and movements were also absolutation by the mathematical language.According to this meaning,we should face up to the “ sublation ” of mechanism and metaphysics from materialist dialectics,and rethink the insights and blind spots of mechanism that is“isolated,static and one-sided world view”.Marxism especially the materialist dialectics has two aspects to sublate the mechanism.The first is affirmation and tolerance,and the second is abandonment or negation.There are three main aspects to the affirmation and tolerance from materialism to mechanism: First,The world is made up of matte,it has become a consensus;second,the world and its movements are regular,But there may be doubts on this issue,We often attribute the regular movement of the world to dialectical materialism.Actually,mechanism should systematically demonstrate andpractice the law of causality in the world before the materialist dialectics.Strictly speaking,the mechanism finds the regularity of the world movement,not the materialist dialectics.But on the basis of that,materialist dialectics puts forward the dialectical development law that is different from or even beyond the law of causality;third,the materialist dialectic should face the analytical-integrated approach.Marx himself repeatedly emphasized and repeatedly explained in the writings of Capital.Materialist dialectics is an inclusive rather than a substitute for analysis-integrated methods.The materialism dialectic has three aspects of the negation and obscurity of mechanism: First,the "absolute space-time view" caused by mechanism is problematic both in science and in philosophy;Second,the absolute analysis-integrated method is limited to the methodology,the analytical method is absolutization into reductionism,and the comprehensive method is absolutization into empiricism.Third,the mechanism has great achievements in the natural sciences,but it was drawn the idealistic view of history in the social realm,that is the most important point of Marxist criticism of mechanism.In summary,through the analysis of the history of mechanism and the classical text of mechanistic,the essence is to discover the worldview of causality and its mathematical expression by reductionism or analysis-integrated method and experimental methods.The thinking has had a great impact on philosophy,science,and social life.And we shouldface up to the "promotion" and "abandonment" of the mechanism from materialism.We should attach importance to the affirmation of mechanism by materialist dialectics,and also to the denial of mechanism by materialist dialectics,it is better to promote and develop the materialist dialectics of Marxist philosophy.