Research On The Historical Issues Of Chu State As Seen In The Shanghai Bamboo Slips

Although the Chu fictional bamboo slips in Shanghai Museum Bamboo Manuscripts' recording were not all historical facts,they can reflected the internal issues,diplomatic issues,martial issues of Chu State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.From the perspective of Shanghai Museum Bamboo Manuscripts,in the middle of Spring and Autumn Period,the internal issues of Chu State were mainly reflected in the contradiction between the King of Chu and the big aristocratic groups.In order to strengthen the monarchy,the King of Chu,on the one hand,launched political cooperation with the big aristocratic groups,on the other hand.in order to suppress the power of the big aristocratic groups,the Chu State had implemented the policy,which had expanded the way for the promotion of those wise men among the small aristocratic groups.In this way,not only enhanced the authority of the King of Chu,but also stabilized the ruling order.Those wise men among the small aristocratic groups were favored and helpful by the King of Chu.However,due to their weak group powers,they were discriminated against in the Chu State,which leaded to their separation from the King of Chu in appearance and centrifugation.The political phenomena of cooperation and utilization between them reflect the complex and changeable internal issues of Chu State.From the end of Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period,the Chu State suffered a lot of turmoil,which led to the decline of the crown.Therefore,the political autonomy of the lower nobles represented by "gentlemen",the county lords(Yin),the witchcraft groups,increased and strengthened.In short,in response to the development of the political situation,the Kings of Chu,under the absence of power,or under the banner of respecting the courtesy,or through the way of feuding the monarch,or trying to consolidate their power by means of "change",took various measures to play games with aristocratic political forces in order to achieve the purpose of strengthening the monarchy.In order to avoid being abandoned by the crown in the political struggle,all kinds of aristocratic groups launched power games with the crown through various means,such as alliance and struggle,in order to safeguard their own political interests.In the Spring and Autumn Period,the Chu State mostly resolved diplomatic disputes by force,and many simple articles such as Zheng Zijia sang??????)in Shanghai Museum Bamboo Manuscripts showed the state's martial diplomacy.These kind of anecdotes gave a comprehensive description.As a militarism country,Chu State paid numerous attention to the training and promotion of military tactics and skills,which can be seen in the two parts of Chengong zhibing??????):"lead troops","queues".Because Chu State emphasised the hegemony over the Central Plains in its military expansion,it made it difficult for the Wu State to stand up for its fierce offensive by dispersing its forces in the management of the Huaihe River Basin,the offensive and defensive momentum turned sharply,which was reflected in the brief article of Pingwang Wenzhengshou(???????).Generally speaking,when dealing with diplomatic issues,the Chu State was too crude and often blindly superstitious of force,which led to unfortunate consequences.During the military expansion of Chu State,it persisted in advancing northward to compete with Jin State for the supremacy and ignored the potential threat of Wu State,which resulted in the aftermath of Wu Troops' and nearly overthrowing the regime.This military strategic mistake has a profound impact on Chu State.The Chu fi ctional bamboo slips in Shanghai Museum Bamboo Manuscripts' recording reflected the insights of Chu State in trying to learn lessons on this issue.