Heidegger's Path Of The Phenomenology Of Dasein

When Heidegger defended the metaphysics of human Dasein through Kant and the problem of metaphysics,he firmly grasped the problem of finitude in human beings,and repeatedly stressed that Kant was laying the foundation for the metaphysics of human Dasein,and the key to realize this task of metaphysics was to reveal the relation between the problem of man and the problem of Being.Then,how did Heidegger think about the relation between "the problem of man" and "the problem of Being"?How did the problem of the finitude of man developed to metaphysics?How did Heidegger move towards Being and Time?To clarify these focal issues of Heidegger Study,a survey of Heidegger's philosophical path must be conducted.Many Heidegger's researchers such as Otto Poggeler and Theodor Kiziel have discussed this topic from different angles.On the basis of fully absorbing the relevant research results of previous scholars,this research from the perspective of genetic hermeneutics,combined with some factors of dialectics,exploring the path of Heidegger's phenomenology of Dasein that from he got the inspiration of the question of Being in 1907 to the completion of Being and Time in 1926,revealing this "path" as a living dynamic process of self-developing,self-winning,and self-interpreting.First of all,Heidegger's philosophy was triggered in religion and also exercised in this field from 1907 to 1911.Inspired by the devout Catholicism,as Dasein,Heidegger got the inspiration of the question of Being from Clemens Brentano through Conrad grober.As far as Heidegger was concerned as the potentiality-to-Being,as the real beginning of his philosophy,this "inspiration"disclosed various possibilities that his philosophy explored towards to be.From the point of view that it is a kind of interpretation activity,the disclosedness of this inspired possibility was essentially the possibility that disclosed by "understanding".Therefore,this kind of "inspiration" as the "beginning" has the meaning of "the germination of understanding"(Part One).Secondly,from 1911 to 1918,Heidegger's philosophy showed a trend from"reality","validity" to "facticity".After a brief tarrying on the issue of the "reality" of the external world,Heidegger focused his philosophy on the field of logic,and experienced three major processes of "logic research I","logic research ?" and "logic research ?",and tried to unify his researches on logic problems by thinking about history and time.Generally speaking,it is to think about the question of Being in the field of logic and showed the trend from "Being" to "time".In this research process,Heidegger tried to apply phenomenology into the field of logic.This kind of attempt,as a kind of integration of phenomenology and logic,aroused some resonances in Heidegger's philosophical activities when it applied to analysis the spiritual life of the Middle Ages.The entry of historical spiritual life laid a foundation for led Heidegger's research to the field of factual life.So,the validity of logical things,phenomenology,historical spiritual life and time were intertwined together.Since all these philosophical thinking as explanatory activities is the disclosedness of Heidegger's own original "understanding",so this research process has the meaning of "the disclosing of understanding"(Part Two)Thirdly,from 1919 to 1922,Heidegger's philosophy advanced from"phenomenology as pretheoretical original Science" to "phenomenological hermeneutics of facticity".In this process,the wartime remedial semester lecture first proposed "phenomenology as pretheoretical original science",and for the first time touched on the two major issues affecting the construction of the phenomenology of Dasein,namely,the accessibility and descriptive of the phenomenon(preunderstanding field).After the phenomenology of intuition and expression,starting from "The First Signpost",Heidegger's philosophy worked in the plan of"Ontology of human Dasein".In the process of implementation,this plan was embodied as "ontological phenomenology" and further developed into"phenomenological hermeneutics of facticity".As the theme of this stage was to win the field of "preunderstanding",and Heidegger's philosophical thinking,as an explanatory activity,was the possession of "preunderstanding" promoted by the"understanding",so the aforementioned "win" and "description" were manifested as self-possession of the interpreter as Dasein.Therefore,Heidegger's exploration at this stage is interpreted as "self-possession of understanding"(Part Three).Finally,Heidegger's phenomenology of Dasein reached its maturity in Being and Time through "Ontology:hermeneutics of facticity" and "phenomenology of history and nature" from 1923 to 1926.After won the original situation of hermeneutics through Natorp Report,Heidegger integrated "phenomenology of ontology" and"phenomenological hermeneutics of facticity" into Ontology:Hermeneutics of Facticity,and initially launched the Phenomenological Explanation of Dasein in a thematic way.On this basis,The Concept of Time had established the whole pattern of the phenomenology of Dasein in two aspects:the existential analysis and temporal analysis of Dasein.After an introductory review of the development history of phenomenology,History of Time Concept officially established its own phenomenological direction,that is,clarifying that its research thesis was the question of Being that "emerging from an indeterminate preunderstanding of Dasein",and its research task was "preparatory description of the research field in which the phenomenon of time becomes manifest".Here,Heidegger deepened and expanded the explanation of Dasein phenomenon,but did not completed the task of manifested time phenomenon.This task was eventually enriched in Being and Time,where the Phenomenology of Dasein was completed.Because the theme of this stage is the interpretation of the question of the Being of Dasein,and the interpreter himself is also understanding Dasein,so it has the meaning of "self interpretation of understanding"(Part Four).The contribution of phenomenology of Dasein that developed by Heidegger lies note only in its interpretation of Dasein and its revelation of the meaning of the Being of Dasein as temporality,but also in its phenomenological grasp and interpretation of"the understanding of Being".As a revelation of the relationship between the problem of man and the problem of Being,this kind of "grasp" and "interpretation" contains Heidegger's intention to solve the philosophical problems that have dominated Western philosophy for thousands of yeas.Fundamentally speaking,the path taken by aforementioned "grasp" and "interpretation" constitutes the development path of the phenomenology of Dasein.In short,a comprehensive and in-depth examination of the development of Heidegger's phenomenology of Dasein and revealing the "internal"connection and development context of his philosophical thoughts at different stages is of great significance for advancing the research of Heidegger's philosophy.