A Philosophical Review Of Modernization Changes

The modernization process is staged,and each stage presents different ideological and cultural characteristics.The period of the Renaissance and Reformation was characterized by humanism and secularization.The characteristics of the Enlightenment is a kind of optimistic spirit which is devoted to mastering scientific knowledge through rational efforts for a purpose of a happy life.With the progress of the industrial revolution,various levels of human society have undergone profound changes from the traditional society.The whole society is filled with irrational impulses to gain benefits,instrumental rationality prevails,and value rationality is suppressed.Philosophy is the essence of the spirit of the times and reflects the spiritual core of an era.The philosophy of the Renaissance turns to pay attention to people's life in the world,and it will satisfy people's actual needs as a natural and rational choice.The religious reform objectively further liberated people's thoughts and gave them independent and free intellectual power.The Enlightenment reinforces the importance of reason,critical investigation of knowledge,rational critique of superstition,establishes the reliability foundation of scientific knowledge,and promotes the development of science such as mathematics,astronomy,and physics.The deepening of industrialization has increased the organic composition of capital and exacerbated social contradictions.The emergence of Marxist philosophy satisfies the theoretical needs of the proletarian struggle,and the proletariat has formed a sense of self.Marxism is guiding the modernization in China and other socialist countries.Since the modernization,tremendous progress has been made in the development of human society.First,in Europe,North America,and East Asia,industrialization has greatly improved human ability to transform nature and improve material living standards.Second,it created a huge amount of spiritual wealth.Human understanding of nature is deep and extensive.The ability of human beings to freely use knowledge to transform society has been enhanced,and political institutions,social management systems,and moral construction have gained wide recognition.The development of social sciences and natural sciences is the rationalization of human social life.Finally,human beings have partially realized the creation of sufficient material conditions for human development,but the contradiction between institutions and culture has failed to form a support for human development.While modernization has brought tremendous progress to the world,various problems and contradictions have emerged in an endless stream,causing various crises.In human society,the economic crisis has become more serious with the dangers and consequences of modernization.The gap between the rich and the poor has not been able to shrink as production has developed,but has continued to expand.The ecological crisis is like the sword of Damocles hanging over the top of human beings,ending the history of human civilization.But for the sake of national interests,some countries evade responsibility for ecological governance.Politically,the political consciousness of division has hindered the resolution of various problems under the banner of democracy.The differences of opinion between the elites of the countries and the grassroots are difficult to bridge.In terms of spiritual culture,money worship,individualism,and pragmatism prevail,and people become more and more vain in the real world.The exchanges between cultures show fierce conflicts.Human beings fail to leave enough tolerance for cultural diversity in the era of globalization.Instead,they use a contrast between backwardness and development,civilization and barbarism to suppress the value of a civilization.The modernization of the model of the first-generation modernization has created a cosmopolitan imagination that seems to have cultural identity.However,modernization has created many problems in the post-development countries,such as the widening gap between rich and poor,increased cultural conflicts,spiritual crisis,ecological crisis and sustainable development.The reason for this consequence is that the lessons learned from the first modernization are spread,accepted,and practiced as role models.These experiences are contradictory,that is,the promotion of progress has also caused problems,manifested as rational suppression of irrationality,instrumental rationality to suppress value rationality,and the liberation of people from the gods,and into the serious dependence on things;humanity,rational and secular worldview and values give way to the irrational greed of things.The subject of social practice is human beings.The practical activities of human beings are carried out under the guidance of rationality.The irrational factors play an important role in value guidance,emotion and will.The purpose of this thesis is to use the concepts of humanity,rationality,irrationality,instrumental rationality and value rationality to examine the western modernization process,to sort out and reflect on modernization,and to try to refine the experience of spiritual culture development,which is the philosophical thinking in modernization.The role provides a brief explanation and provides a theoretical basis for solving the ideological and cultural crisis.Philosophical reflections form simple and easy conclusions.If these conclusions are compatible with the needs of the times,they will become the core of the spirit of the times.The specific philosophical views,especially those close to reality,logical and almost reasonable,are highly effective,and the philosophical concept masters people,and then transforms into the power to promote social change,thus exerting a powerful influence on society.China's modernization needs to abandon Western culture,innovate and develop traditional culture,and inherit and develop Marxism.Basically,it requires a scientific summary of philosophy.In the practice of modernization,Chinese Marxists gradually formed Chinese Marxism and guided the future modernization.The first chapter of the thesis is the preface.The second chapter is the initial period of modernization.The transition of philosophy from divinity to humanity,from sacred to secular,the third chapter is rationalism and its suppression of irrationality.The fourth chapter is The current situation and philosophical analysis of the prevalence of instrumental rationality and value rationality,the fifth chapter summarizes the experience and lessons of the Western modernization process.The sixth chapter mainly discusses the philosophical examination of China's modernization process.