Research On Hygroexpansion Deterioration And Suspension Deformation Of Xuan Paper And Silk Fabrics In Mounting Techniques

The mounting technique of Chinese painting and calligraphy is a traditional art that can preserve and decorate the works and painting arts.It is of great significance to the conservation and preservation of ancient painting and calligraphy.Without this technique,most of the paintings and calligraphies remained till now will not remain until now.There are great differences in hygroexpansion and mechanical properties between different materials used in the mounting techniques.And those differences would undoubtedly influence the stability of the adhesive structure.As a result,they will cause the instability of mounted painting and calligraphy.In the drying of mounted painting and calligraphy,especially in the second drying,the painting work and decorative silk brocade are bonded together with the starch paste.The differences of drying deformation between the materials would induce the adhesive failure,including the debonding between the layers and joints.Especially for the ancient artifacts,in which the mechanical properties and deformability decreased sharply,the degradation and aging occur in the materials.Once too large deformation exceed the tolerance of material,the meso-structure will be affected and micro cracks and fracture may occurs in the painting and calligraphy.The remounting operations of ancient paintings will bring another harm to painting and calligraphy.In addition,the deformation will be induced by the fluctuate ambient humidity in the exhibition and conservation of Chinese painting and calligraphy.Too large differences in deformation will lead to delamination between layers,even the instability of the painting and calligraphy.Therefore,it is very important to study the deformation of painting and calligraphy in the mounting process.The main research content in this paper is about the deformation of painting and calligraphy induced by the changes of water content.As a principal method,the digital image correlation was applied measure the dimensional changes and deformation of the paintings in drying process and under the condition of changing ambient humidity.With the deformation measurement,the factors that influence the deformation were discussed.A method aimed to diminish the deformation of painting and calligraphy was provided to make a recommendation for the practice of mounting techniques.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:1.Research on the mechanical properties and hygroexpansion of single layer of Xuan paper and plain weave silk fabric.Xuan paper is a kind of traditional handmade paper,and the fiber alignment is to some extend orientation.As a result,the mechanical properties and hygroexpansion are directionality.i.e.they follow a orthotropic law approximatively.The plain weave silk fabrics have a similar character.2.Research on the starch paste which is used as conventional adhesive in mounting techniques.The influence of concentration of starch paste on the mechanical properties and hygroexpansion were studied in the mounted painting and calligraphy.This research may offer a scientific explanation of the "paste used as water",which indicated that the starch pasted was diluted to a low concentration like water.3.Research on the deformation in drying process and mechanical properties of doubly layers of materials in painting and calligraphy.The main factors such as fiber orientation of Xuan paper,the direction of weft and warp yarn,the addition of alum and gelatin solution,drying methods,were also discussed in the series of comparative experiments.A mounting method with smaller deformation were presented to decrease the dimensional changes of painting and calligraphy.4.Simulation test of the breaks of joints in the painting and calligraphy during the drying process.The main reasons and features of breaks of joints were provided in order to prevent the appearance of breaks and minimize its probability.5.Study on the deformation and shape of the hanging scrolls with load.The force analysis was offered.To decrease the deformation of hanging scroll in the exhibition,the deflection of tian gan and the morphology of whole paintings were studied.A recommendation was also provided.