Research On Wordsworth's Poetics

William Wordsworth,as the leader of British Romantic movement,his natural poetry is well-known and widely spread in the world.Jonathan Bates believes that Wordsworth's focus on nature not only bridges the romantic era with environmentalism,but also opens a new era of Wordsworth research.American ecological critic Lawrence Buell also claims that environmental issues will replace racial issues and become the most pressing issue in the 21st century.The construction of harmony between man and nature is the key to development of ecological criticism.Therefore,when ecological critics traces the origin of ecological literature,British romanticism is regarded as "a fertile and fertile soil".as first poet of romanticism,Wordsworth first enters the field of ecocriticism.His poetic thought is rich in ecological wisdom beyond the era,which has a profound influence on the development of natural ecology literature in later generations,,and which is worthy of reassessment.Wordsworth's attention to nature in his poetics directly guides the observation,feeling and expression of nature in later British and American literary creation.His emphasis on the poet's emotion and imagination is also based on nature.In his eyes,nature is always full of exciting life power.His thinking on the principles of poetics,the background,characters,customs,language,emotion,philosophy and so on in his poetry creation practice,almost all elements are completed under the grace,enlightenment and guidance of nature.He loves nature,respects nature and reveres nature.He regards the construction of poetics and the practice of poetry creation as a tool to participate in the reform of social literature.His poetics and poetry works are full of strong spirit of social criticism,criticizing the damage of the development of capital industry to the natural environment,and also reflecting and criticizing the damage which is brought by the rationality of capital science and technology to people's mind.He has worked hard all his life to rebuild the harmony between man and nature,and to heal and restore people's impaired feelings,imagination and aesthetic power.This kind effort of literary construction for the idyllic coexistence between man and nature is not only in line with the following critical principles of contemporary ecocriticism,such as the transformation of ecological holism philosophy belief,the presentation of ecological moral responsibility consciousness of writers,the green reading of "value revaluation",and the "Environmental Imagination" bases on ecology,but also with the "home consciousness" emphasized by ecological ontology aesthetics.The "management ethics" which is put forward by the contemporary ecological ethics has its internal origin,which provides a kind of inspiration and possibility for the practical development trend of ecocriticism and the theoretical construction of ecological poetics.Pantheism is the foundation of Wordsworth's poetics.In the 19th century,the industrialization of free capitalism accelerates the separation of man and nature.The Pantheism in Wordsworth's poetry is characterized by the "a life and soul" of every mode of being in nature.It emphasizes the promotion of the inner nature of God and the respect for nature,which is used to awaken people's numb mind,and improve the sensitivity of feeling,and cultivate people's virtue,and help people to have more firm belief and narrow the distance between human and nature.Pantheism makes Wordsworth a natural prophet of contemporary ecological ethics.His poems about the natural world and the theme of nature and man have strong ecological consciousness,which can be said to be the early criticism of human centered tendency in literary works.The pan God consciousness of harmony between man and nature in his poems is a change of belief latitude,which provides a way for the development of the foundation of contemporary ecological philosophy;meanwhile,his poems can also serve as the source of our spiritual life,which is in the same vein with the ecological concept of "reverence for nature" advocated by us.Sense sublime is Wordsworth's sublime view.On the basis of empiricism in the 18th century,he exerts the role of the mind in perception to the utmost,inherits the sublime thoughts of langinus and Burke,and borrows the sublime theories from Kant and Coleridge of the same era,and creates his own sense sublime.He further extends the typical sublime experience object in the traditional Sublime Theory——the natural magnificent landscape,to a flower and a tree,which is covering all the natural things.He uses imagination to bridge the gap between sensibility and reason,and uses pantheism to internalize divinity and endows the mind with extraordinary feeling function.His sense sublime is expected to awaken people's mind which are paralyzed by instrumental reason,and restores the sense function and imagination freedom of mind with the support and cultivation of nature.It is also of positive significance to change the traditional wrong epistemological thought and deal with the contemporary spiritual ecological crisis.The social function of Wordsworth's poetry is to heal people's spiritual world which is destroyed by capital through the establishment of landscape authority.His poetry works can be regarded as the earliest typical "Environmental Imagination"consciously constructed by poets.He thinks that poetry is the image of man and nature.and believes in the influence of poetry in improving the moving ability of the soul and rescuing people's mental imbalance,and believes that poetry can help people rebuild their faith and gain spiritual liberation.He tries to establish his own authoritative discourse position of landscape appreciation through the introduction and protection of Lake scenic tourism and the guidance,and return of the personal field to the public field,which guides and changes people's Buell's "Environmental Imagination" of the ideal coexistence mode of natural scenery and people.The way of feeling the scenery can enhance the feeling power of the soul.The healing power of Wordsworth's poetry has been certified by the times.And the formation of his landscape authority just shows us how the environmental text guides and influences people's behavior,which is the direction of the contemporary literature ecocriticism to re-evaluate the value of "green reading".Today,of course,Wordsworth's lovely nature,which can save human beings,seems to have changed,and the relationship between human beings and nature has been reconstructed.In view of the crazy revenge of pathetic nature,"management ethics" seems to give a glimmer of hope of returning to harmony in the ecological relationship between man and nature.Imagination is one of the symbols of romanticism.One of Wordsworth's most unique points is that he regards nature as the source and cradle of imagination,and believes that the river of human imagination originates from the natural environment of childhood.He says that with the growth of the mind and the disturbance of the world,the river may be interrupted unexpectedly,but as long as we return to nature,love nature and respect nature,the impaired imagination will be able to continue.He also make a distinction between imagination and fantasy,thinking that fantasy is a kind of ability to travel through space-time scenes,and the goal of imagination is to pursue an emotional eternity.He believes that imagination is the inner eye of the mind,and the best way for individuals to transcend the secular world and pursue freedom.Wordsworth's natural poetry perfectly combines literary imagination with nature,which is the origin of the theoretical principle of "Environmental Imagination"in contemporary ecocriticism.Wordsworth believes that emotion is the keynote of poetry creation.In his eyes,all good poems are the natural expression of strong emotions.However,this kind of intensity is a kind of intensity in calm.It is the feeling of the past in the memory that has experienced the test of time,which is triggered to reappear at a certain time in the future.This kind of emotion is different from a strong emotional catharsis,it has acquired eternal value.This kind of emotion can trigger the readers' sensibility and gain a kind of universal sympathy.Wordsworth thinks that this kind of eternal love emotion was from the nature,and he also have the love to human because of the love to nature.Wordsworth's religious feelings are not simple but devout.As a great natural poet and poetics builder,his devotion to nature and his constant love for people's spiritual world are exactly a kind of ecological moral responsibility consciousness he showed earlier.Language is the direct tool of Wordsworth's poetry experiment.However,he not only regards it as a tool of expression,but also thinks that language is the presentation and embodiment of thought.He abandons the established expression habits in the classical tradition,and puts daily life into poetry,and emphasizes the natural and simple language.His choice for the reform of poetic language is mainly the language of ordinary people in the rural life style under the background of nature.He breaks the boundary between prose language and poetry language,and thinks that prose language can also be included in poetry.Wordsworth's poetics takes natural thought as a clue,and integrates pantheistic philosophy,poetic function theory,sentiment theory,imagination theory,and language concept into a perfect whole.This has a far-reaching impact on the creation of natural literature,the practice of criticism and even the reform of society.In particular,the theory of "nature" in his poetry and poetics has aroused great concern in the practice of ecological literary criticism in the 21st century,which provides a comprehensive practice model for contemporary ecological criticism,provides theoretical evidence for the establishment and development of the principles of contemporary literary ecocriticism,and promotes the construction of ecological poetics.His description of nature,which can enhance people's sensibility,and his positioning of imagination as an eternal means of emotional pursuit have brought a fresh thought to people under the rule of "instrumental rationality",and adds courage to deal with the spiritual ecological crisis.