| In recent years,with the deepening of the research on the Cold War,its research content gradually transcends the traditional research on the military competition and political opposition between east and west,and the research subject presents a diversified trend,among which the cultural cold war has become a new academic hotspot.The cultural Cold War was based on ideological confrontation between east and west.This means that Cold War was a contest of popular opinion rather than a simple clash of political positions.At the beginning of Cold War,the Soviet Union actively expanded its influence through diplomatic means and cultural propaganda,making the communist ideology widely spread around the world.Thus,the United States and the Soviet Union launched a worldwide battle of hearts and minds.Under such circumstances,the United States launched the "Psychological War" and "Culture War" of the "Campaign of Truth",and tried to export its ideology to fight against communism through economic aid,political aid and cultural export.During cold war era,the communication of culture and ideas,the publication and dissemination of printed matter,the exhibition and promotion of scientific and artistic achievements,and the aid of economy and education all became the propaganda means of the United States.As an infectious art form that relies on high technology,film has become one of the most effective means of publicity in United States.To this end,the U.S.government provided a large amount of economic and political support to Hollywood,first promoting the film project in Europe.With the further development of Cold War,the importance of the Asian region became increasingly evident,and gradually became the main target for the United States and Soviet Union.After the World War II,the capitalist camp headed by the United States and the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union formed.The two camps engaged in ideological confrontation.After the war,however,war-weariness was widespread around the world,and most countries suffered serious wounds in the war and were in the recovery stage.Therefore,the United States and the Soviet Union did not engage in direct military confrontation under the influence of the international situation and domestic political situation.Still,the smoke of confrontation is everywhere.The United States and the Soviet Union launched an all-round confrontation in economic,military,cultural and other fields.As a direct derivative of ideology,cultural products play a self-evident role,so the cultural Cold War became an important part of the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union.In cultural Cold War,United States promoted capitalist ideology through books,radio,movies and other carriers to attacked communism.As an emerging art form at that time,film was noticed by U.S.government for its hidden transmission mode,rapid transmission speed and wide spread area.Film propaganda became an important weapon in the cultural Cold War.In this cultural war,various NGOs played an important role.This study focused on various strategies driven by the Asia foundation,which embodied the cultural cold war carried out by the United States in Southeast Asia,South Asia and East Asia.Under the full operation of the Asia foundation,the film projects supported by U.S.government gradually spread to the Asian region and became the main means for U.S.government to confront the Soviet Union's ideology in Asia.Based on film projects of the Asia foundation in Asia as investigation object,and detail the Asia foundation in Asia during the cold war,introduce the main content of the movie project and specific way,and carries on the longitudinal digging,in-depth discussion of the Asia foundation in Asia movie project how to help us achieve the goal of psychological warfare and the national interest.The paper is divided into three parts: introduction,text and conclusion.The introduction briefly expounds the origin,basic content,research significance,related concepts and existing research results of this subject,and puts forward the future research space.The main body consists of four chapters,which discuss the main content and implementation means of the Asian film project of the Asia Foundation in detail.Specific as follows: the first chapter is mainly to the time background of the origin of the Asia foundation,set up and in the Asian film project in detail.Out of the need of psychological warfare,U.S.government established the Asian freedom committee to carry out specific activities of ideological propaganda in Asia.However,due to the political sensitivity of the name of the Asian freedom committee,it has aroused resistance in some countries.In this case,the Asian freedom committee changed its name to the Asia Foundation.The Asia Foundation was set up to take on the original responsibility of the Asia freedom commission,which is to work with Hollywood on film activities in Asia.In addition,in order to maximize the needs of political purposes,joint shooting,post-production and distribution of films,the holding of film festivals,the development of film workshops and the funding and equipment support of Asian film projects by the Asia foundation have become the main contents of film activities.The second chapter mainly discusses the film projects carried out by the Asia Foundation in various regions of Asia with Asia Film Company as the core.Asia studios was founded in Hong Kong,the main use of fake shareholding system to perform system capital turnover and the operations of the company,and make them to have a reasonable financing source and the specific identity.Asia Film focused the intellectuals coming from mainland as the main target group for the anti-communist young beautiful film production and distribution,and promoted capitalism under the guise of culture ideas in order to make political ideas spread in Asia.At that time,the Asia foundation began to change its thinking,believing that the propaganda in Asia was quite different from that in Europe.Considering the special geopolitical and cultural atmosphere in Hong Kong,Asian Film companies began to use traditional Chinese culture as the background of films to enhance the audience's sense of identity.Under the cover of traditional culture,Asian Film companies were embedding values into the film by means of script adaptation and other means,and the political mapping content of the film released by them is obvious.Chapter three elaborates on the film projects of the Asia Foundation in Asia.The promotion and operation means of the Asia Foundation for films mainly included four aspects: first,joint creation of films.The Asia Foundation mainly adopted joint film production with various countries or regions to achieve the maximum degree of de-politicization and avoided the impact of quota on films.In the process of film co-production,Hollywood mainly provided technical support,while the Asia foundation mainly provides financial and equipment support,and the host country provided site and personnel support.Secondly,the film festival was held.Through holding film festivals,the Asia Foundation not only promotes film distribution,but also affirms films with the theme of anti-communist,so as to play the guiding role of the film festival values.Third,the distribution of films.From the film production stage,the Asia foundation began to make specific films according to the government as target country and the popular aesthetic trend,and selected a wide range of distribution agents for specific operation in the distribution stage and provided a more solid foundation for these films release.Finally,film workshop.Workshops mainly asan education of representing all the Asian Film the politicization of interpretation and the radiation of the thinking of art,from the film art origins,set up the ideas of the recipients of the anti-communist young beauty,was the very important part of the American psychological warfare,to resist the expansion of the communism in Asia has played a very important role.The fourth chapter is the specific case study and analysis."The People Win",which was shot with Myanmar,told a story about "communist lies".During the Cold War,although the Myanmar government wanted to be friendly to U.S.government,the Myanmar people always held a distrust attitude towards the western countries,so it was difficult for Asia Foundation to conduct public activities in Myanmar.Therefore,Asia Foundation decided to find agents to help it shot and distributed films.Asia Foundation had chosen Cascade Pictures to represent the film and cast other activities.This mean that Asia Foundation adapted to local culture and took economic interests into account as it tries to open film markets in underdeveloped regions.The main source of funding for "The People Win" was Asia foundation.On an economic level,“The People Win”,which was financed by the Asia foundation,was not profitable.But Asia foundation's funding of "The People Win" was essentially a political investment.The aim was to promote ideology in this film.The film received positive feedback by sensitive Myanmar and supported by Myanmar President UNu,allowing the ideology of capitalism to infiltrate the lives of the Burmese people quietly and damaging the reputation of communism to some extent.The conclusion summarizes the characteristics of the film projects undertaken by the Asia Foundation and assesses the degree of achievement of the hidden political goals.Film project is a slow,penetrating activity whose effectiveness depends on the number of audiences and the political innuendo of the film itself.It is of great significance to the realization of American strategic goals during the cold war,and its influence continues to this day.This research through Asia foundation in Asia's movie project specific interpretation,show how importantpsychological warfare was in United States foreign policy during Cold War in national security and the concrete application in the diplomatic strategy,and tries to restore how United States used Cold War propaganda film projects for the affections of the allies,which revealed the capitalist ideology and resisted communist ideology. |
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