Study On Spring Nabo In Liao Dynasty

In Liao Dynasty,the Khitan emperor carried out the traditional fourseason Nabo all the year round.Every year in January,February and March,the Liao emperor would lead his ministers to carry out the traditional fishing,goose hunting and shooting activities in the land rich in water and grass,as well as deal with a lot of political affairs.After the second year of Taiping(1022),with the eastward movement of Nabo,the Liao emperor began to deal with the military and political affairs in the eastern part of the Liao Dynasty and the whole country in Spring Nabo,which made the political status of Spring Nabo rise.Based on Liao history,Jin history and the notes of Song people,combined with the unearthed stone carvings and archaeological materials,this paper investigates the location,route and area of Spring Nabo of Liao Dynasty,and analyzes the influencing factors of its changes.At the same time,the paper comprehensively studies the operation mechanism of Spring Nabo and the contents of traditional activities,and analyzes the changing process.On the basis of the previous research,the author finally classifies the contents of the political activities of Spring Nabo and summarizes the characteristics and changes of its political functions.The paper is divided into two parts: introduction and body.The introduction mainly describes the origin,academic and applied value,research status at home and abroad,related concepts and research methods.The main body of the paper is divided into four chapters.The first chapter is "The Choice of Place of Spring Nabo in Liao Dynasty".This chapter comprehensively sorts out the locations of Spring Nabo in Liao Dynasty recorded in literature,and studies 129 locations of Spring Nabo in the two periods before and after the second year of Taiping(1022)as the cut-off point.At the same time,the author gives a new explanation of the unverified and insufficiently researched sites and makes an understanding of the geographical concept of "spring water".The route of Spring Nabois bounded by Taiping(1022)in the second year.Before that,it shows a change process from north to west,to south,then to northeast,and fixed in Changchun prefecture.Generally speaking,the location and route of Spring Nabo are mainly distributed in the four main areas of the Yellow River and Yuhe River,Nanjing,Xijing and Changchun.At the same time,the selection of the site of Spring Nabo of the emperor was mainly influenced by natural and political factors.The second chapter is " The Operation Mechanism of Spring Nabo in Liao Dynasty".This chapter mainly discusses the following three aspects: the composition of the entourage,the structure of the camp and the material supply during the Spring Nabo period according to the Liao history,the notes of the song dynasty and the stone carving materials.According to the historical records,the retinue of Spring Nabo mainly consists of three parts: the royal families,the northern and southern officials,and the retinue troops.Based on the stone carving data and the previous research results,more than 30 officials of various kinds with Spring Nabo were identified.This paper mainly investigates the size,layout and shape of the camp tent of the emperor Waludo,the princes and ministers and the cart and other facilities.It also makes a research on the way of stationing the retinue.Generally,it shows that the emperor's Waludo is the center,and the princes,hundred officials and retinue troops are distributed in a ring around its periphery.They jointly escorted the emperor on the Spring Nabo,keeping a distance when moving.The camps show the characteristics of scattered distribution.This chapter also analyzes the stationing modes of Spring Nabo in different regions.In the plains and mountains,Spring Nabo camps are stationed in a relatively flat place,and in the vicinity of Changchun state water network,the camps are stationed on a tall mound.At the same time,the residence of the Spring Nabo presents a gradually fixed trend.The supply of goods and materials in Spring Nabo is mainly divided into two parts: the supply of foreign goods and local goods.It was administered and transported uniformly by specialized officials and Waludo officials.The third chapter is "The Traditional Activities of Spring Nabo in Liao Dynasty".Starting from the historical records and archaeological achievements,this chapter investigates the objects,tools,process and environment of goose hunting,fishing,shooting and sacrificial activities in the second year of Taiping(1022),and lists the activities of goose hunting,fishing and mountain shooting.From this,it can be seen that the traditional activities of Spring Nabo differed to a certain extent before and after the second year of Taiping(1022).The geese they caught ranged from a variety of birds in the early stage to only one kind of swan in the later stage,and the fish they caught were also huge sturgeon fish,which all reflected the changes of the activities of Spring Nabo.This kind of change has certain relation with the change of environment and the development of culture.After the fishing and hunting activities,the Khitan emperor also led his officials to hold a "head goose feast" and "head fish feast".The sacrificial activities in the early period of Spring Nabo mainly included the traditional activities of the Khitan people such as offering sacrifices to the sky and ancestor,and the buddhist sacrificial activities were added in the later period of Liao Dynasty,indicating that the contents of Spring Nabo activities were constantly enriched and developed.The fourth chapter is "The Political Activities and Function Evolution of Spring Nabo in Liao Dynasty".This chapter divides the political activities of Spring Nabo in Liao Dynasty into two aspects: dealing with the domestic government affairs and solving the border issues.It mainly classifies and examines the military affairs in the domestic government,the formulation of economic policies,the appointment and punishment of officials,the handling of judicial affairs,the handling of tribal affairs,the relief of disaster victims,the settlement of the northwest frontier,the southwest frontier,the south and the east frontier and so on.And it classifies and verifies these problems,lists them,and analyzes their causes.Finally,this chapter expounds the evolution of Spring Nabo's political functions from three perspectives: attaching importance to local affairs,governing ethnic groups in the region,and dealing with foreign relations,and summarizes its characteristics.This chapter mainly uses the statistical method to classify the political activities in Spring Nabo,discusses the changes of its political functions,and draws a conclusion that Spring Nabo's political status rose in the middle and late Liao Dynasty.