On The Realm Of Historical Materialism In The Criticism Of Marx's Political Economy

The criticism of political economy is the main theoretical work that Marx engaged in all his life and his magnificent work Capital has consumed decades of his hard work.However,this work has not been completed.Engels accurately summarized the two major theoretical discoveries of Marx's life,which revealed the law of economic movement in modern society through the criticism of political economy in which the discovery of surplus value was the key,and the other discovery paralleled with it was the historical materialism as a historical science.As for the relationship between the criticism of political economy and historical materialism,it seems that there is not much controversy in the traditional interpretation,but in fact,it is only in the general unity and does not realize the real internal unity.However,in other later interpretation paths,the relationship between the two is increasingly "juxtaposed",or even "opposite",and is in a substantial separation.As a result,the interpretation of the critical nature of Marx's political economy gradually departs from the historical materialism and becomes a criticism of the established facts or positivism or idealism within the modern discipline,and is fundamentally confined to the category of modernity,which makes the criticism of political economy no longer transcendent and objective historical.Although these ways of interpretation can lead to radical political practice and seem to be more in line with the experience and facts of the development of modern capitalism,they distort the nature of political and economic criticism after they leave the premise and foundation of historical materialism,making it stay in external criticism and difficult to penetrate into the internal relationship of social production,and lose the internal revelation of capitalist production mode The fundamental strength of the contradiction.This not only endangers the correct understanding of Marx's overall thought,but also often affects the guidance of social practice,which also determines that the interpretation of the context of Marxist political and economic criticism of historical materialism not only has theoretical significance,but also contains practical value.The main interpretation path of this paper is to go deep into the text,confirm the internal relationship between political economy criticism and historical materialism based on the text inspection,present the generation and development process of political economy criticism and historical materialism,so as to restore the historical materialism situation of political economy criticism and guarantee its correct critical nature.On the basis of historical materialism,the criticism of political economy can be further promoted.Meanwhile,the criticism of political economy is an inevitable link in the development of historical materialism.The criticism of political economy is the overall criticism of the bourgeois society,and fundamentally the criticism of the historical materialism of political economy,rather than the subjective humanistic criticism or the technical criticism within the empirical discipline in any sense.Although the historical materialism focuses on human society,it is still the bourgeois society as a typical analysis,and there is no pure historical materialism works that are divorced from the criticism of political economy.Historical materialism not only lays the theoretical foundation for the criticism of political economy in the deepest level,but also guides the direction of human liberation in the highest level,and provides a more specific methodological basis.As the prelude of Marx's political and economic criticism,the critique of philosophy of law is a unique stage of Marx's own experience,which is different from Hess and others who directly enter into the economic criticism and establish the position of communism without this stage.In this paper,Marx's "slow" step is of great significance.It not only systematically cleaned up the concept of rational freedom before itself,made theoretical reflection on the problem of interest confusion encountered,and opened out the dimension of political criticism,but also established the theme of human liberation while leading to the criticism of civil society,and revealed the limits of political liberation,and found out the concept of the proletariat in theory.All of these make Marx different from the Young Hegelians at that time.It also determines that the nature of the economic criticism that Marx started later is different from the humanistic criticism of the Young Hegelians.Marx's criticism of political economy in Paris was an essential examination of the fundamental premise of national economy from the standpoint of human liberation.The conclusion was that alienated labor was the premise of the concept of private property,and all categories of national economy could be clarified by these two factors.It was through the creative transformation of Hegel's dialectics that Marx gained the dialectics of labor from his spiritual production history,and laid the ontological foundation for the critique of political economy through the principle of perceptual activity.The interpretation of Marx's economic criticism with alienated labor as the core at this time should not only be carried out from the epistemological level or humanistic perspective,but also focus on the economic facts and ontological level,otherwise it will be confused with the subjective path and humanistic criticism of the Young Hegelians.In The German Ideology,Marx took spontaneous division of labor as the core,clarified the relationship between productivity and communication form,and created the science of human history,namely materialist historical view,which transcended all civil social sciences or intellectual sciences.Since then,Marx has the most thorough and powerful critical weapon in his hands which has the significance of deep theoretical foundation for the political and economic criticism that has not been really launched.This also lies in the fact that historical materialism itself is a kind of deep theory,not a simple and diachronic historicism,but a real insight into the structure of historical development,which fundamentally reveals the dialectical decision of production mode and internal contradiction in the organism of social relations.Political economy is not an eternal science,but a theoretical reflection of the economic relations in a specific stage of social and historical development and is historical and temporary in nature.Its criticism cannot be separated from the theoretical foundation of historical materialism.In The Poverty of Philosophy,Marx profoundly revealed that the economic category is only an abstract expression of the social relations of production,and concentrated on criticizing the rational design and transformation of the economic category which is separated from the social relations.This is not only for the superficial Proudhon,but also for the political economists who think they are in the scientific level.Because they have set the social relations of the bourgeoisie as natural in advance,this is also fundamentally contrary to the principle of historical materialism.These are all clarified through criticism of Proudhon's The Philosophy of Poverty and contain the first scientific explanation of the critical methodology of political economy.After arriving in London in the late 1850 s,Marx finally formed the first manuscript of his plan's theoretical masterpiece,The Critique of Political Economy,which contained a theoretical framework that was much larger than the later Capital.In particular,the "Introduction" is not only the general idea of the whole political economy criticism,but also the corresponding criticism of the bourgeois political economy system,including the theoretical theme and research methods.At this time,Marx's political and economic criticism has generated scientific economic concepts and categories with social relations as the essential dimension,which is embodied in the "duality" of material content and social form,which further criticizes the whole political economy from the inside.Capital is an analysis of the capitalist mode of production and the law of economic operation.It is faced with the organic whole of the bourgeois society and has a structure similar to a priori.But at the same time,we can not completely interpret the category form in Capital from Hegel's sense,including the concept of value form and the analysis of capital logic,which has attracted more and more attention.Fundamentally,we should be able to trace back to the historical materialism instead of being controlled by a certain spirit.Historical materialism is always present in Capital and has its own way of presentation.There is no separation and opposition between capital logic and production logic and finally overcome the logical rule of capital can not be separated from the development and evolution of the social relations and internal contradictions generated by material production activities.What is shown here is still the fundamental significance of historical materialism.In the process of text investigation,we can identify the fundamental transcendence of Marx through determining the ideological road signs.Young Marx used to be accompanied by the Young Hegelians in his thoughts,but through the practical experience and the changes realized in philosophy,he surpassed these former ideological partners one by one,from which he could better identify the growth path of Marx's thoughts.Marx also had close contact with Proudhon,and later became the object of Marx's criticism repeatedly.It was in this criticism that Marx clarified the principle of historical materialism and strengthened the road of scientific socialism.Marx has been dealing with the works of Political economists for a long time,especially for the Classical economists,but he ultimately surpassed these theories and established his own economic science.In the whole process of Marx's thought formation and development,Hegel's influence is the most fundamental and runs through all the time.This article also mainly links the two thoughts directly,emphasizing that Marx made his own theoretical discovery through the creative transformation of Hegel's thought and theory.This paper also regards the historical materialism as the great achievement of breaking away from the Hegel system,while the political economy criticism is based on the historical materialism,and at the same time contains the creative transformation of Hegel's method,realizing the fundamental criticism and transcendence of political economy.Of course,these basic revelations do not hinder Marx's thorough criticism of Hegel's philosophy.They are strictly different in nature.Marx's contribution lies in the creative transformation.At the same time,it also reinterprets the nature and methodology of historical materialism,so as to change the misunderstanding in the relationship between political and economic criticism and historical materialism.And truly present the situation of historical materialism of political economy criticism,and clarify the theoretical connotation and significance of the criticism of political economy is essentially the criticism of historical materialism of political economy.